Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Single-Layer HDPE Waste for Fuel Production Using HY Zeolite Synthesized by Kaolin Clay from Wack (Cameroon)
摘要
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising alternative for recovering plastic waste to produce liquid fuels and high-value chemical compounds. This study uses locally synthesized zeolites from clay as catalysts to investigate the microwave pyrolysis of single-layer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packaging waste. The methodology includes synthesizing and characterizing HY zeolites non-dealuminated (HYND) and dealuminated (HYD) from clay. The effect of pyrolysis time and zeolite type on fuel yield, and finally, the GC-MS composition determination of the hydrocarbons produced. Locally synthesized HY zeolites show properties comparable to industrial zeolites, with specific surface areas of 315 m²/g and Si/Al ratios of 3.70 (HYND) and 3.05 (HYD). FTIR spectra confirm their typical HY-type structure. Although zeolites have little effect on fuel yield, pyrolysis time has a significant influence. GC/MS analysis of the fuels produced by microwave pyrolysis of HDPE reveals that the composition of hydrocarbons (C9-C30) varies according to zeolite. The use of HYD zeolite significantly enhances the production of light aromatic hydrocarbons, with aromatics reaching 22.56% and light fractions (C9–C12) rising sharply to 60.34%. This formulation also leads to a marked reduction in heavier hydrocarbons (C24–C30), indicating more efficient cracking. In contrast, the HYND zeolite results in a more moderate increase in aromatics (3.58%) and favors the formation of mid-range fractions in the kerosene-diesel range (C13–C18), a trend also observed in the absence of a catalyst. The PCI values of the fuels produced range from 22.10 to 26.81 MJ/kg, 2 times lower than those of diesel. These findings highlight the potential of dealuminated clay-based zeolites, such as HYD, to enhance liquid fuel quality from plastic waste pyrolysis by promoting cracking and aromatization reactions.
Graphical Abstract