<p>The use of antioxidant additives in asphalt paving materials could enhance the long-term durability of asphalt pavements. This research aims to investigate the effect of bio-renewable antioxidant additives derived from grape pomace (GP) and olive pomace (OP) on asphalt binders and compare their antioxidant performance with commonly used antioxidants, e.g., zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC) and kraft lignin (KL). One unmodified and twelve modified asphalt binders were prepared and tested to measure viscosity, performance grade, rutting resistance, low-temperature thermal cracking resistance, and anti-aging performance using the Glover-Rowe Parameter and carbonyl index. The results indicated that GP and OP were effective antioxidant additives, especially the GP-seed and OP-pulp, which exhibited the highest antioxidant effectiveness among the GP and OP additives, respectively. The antioxidant capability of pomace additives was less effective than that of ZDC but more effective than that of KL. The pomace-modified binders had higher carbonyl index values than the unmodified binder initially due to the existence of esters in pomaces, but they had lower carbonyl index increase subject to aging. In addition, the bio-compositions of pomaces, including total phenolic content and total oil content, were tested and correlated with aging indexes of pomace-modified binders to reveal antioxidant mechanisms for bio-renewable antioxidants. Both GP and OP are promising bio-renewable antioxidants to retard asphalt oxidization and improve the resistance of asphalt to oxidization-induced cracking.</p>