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<p>A circular economy depends on efficient resource management, increasing corporate accountability and maximizing the valorization of by-products. The brewery sector, a growing segment of the global economy, generates significant volumes of organic residues, mainly brewery wastewater and brewer’s spent grain (BSG). This study evaluates the technical feasibility of biomethane production through the co-digestion of hydrothermally pretreated BSG and brewery wastewater in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems. Mono-digestion of each residue was conducted as a control. An organic loading rate of 0.4&#xa0;g COD g⁻¹ VS inoculum was identified as optimal, yielding improved degradation performance through reduced organic overloading, lower volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, and less methanogenic inhibition. Among the configurations, co-digestion achieved the highest energy recovery potential, producing up to 85% more energy (MJ year⁻¹) than mono-digestion of BSG or wastewater alone. Anaerobic digestion of brewery wastewater alone presents a methane energy potential of 1.74 × 10¹⁰ MJ year⁻¹. With integrated co-digestion, this can increase to 6.15 × 10¹⁰ MJ year⁻¹, demonstrating substantial energy recovery gains. Although BSG mono-digestion delivers the highest specific methane yield (220.8&#xa0;N mL CH₄ g⁻¹ COD), co-digestion with brewery wastewater (151.3&#xa0;N mL CH₄ g⁻¹ COD), when scaled to actual residue generation, provides greater total energy output. Kinetic modeling showed distinct substrate behaviors: the Gompertz model best described wastewater digestion, while the Cone model better fit co-digestion.</p>

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Brewer’s Spent Grain in Circular Bioeconomy: Co-Digestion as a Tool for Enhancing Biomethane Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Ana Rosa Aon Cardoso Fernandes,
  • Yasmim Arantes da Fonseca,
  • Murillo Cardoso Torres,
  • Bruno Eduardo Lobo Baêta

摘要

A circular economy depends on efficient resource management, increasing corporate accountability and maximizing the valorization of by-products. The brewery sector, a growing segment of the global economy, generates significant volumes of organic residues, mainly brewery wastewater and brewer’s spent grain (BSG). This study evaluates the technical feasibility of biomethane production through the co-digestion of hydrothermally pretreated BSG and brewery wastewater in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems. Mono-digestion of each residue was conducted as a control. An organic loading rate of 0.4 g COD g⁻¹ VS inoculum was identified as optimal, yielding improved degradation performance through reduced organic overloading, lower volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, and less methanogenic inhibition. Among the configurations, co-digestion achieved the highest energy recovery potential, producing up to 85% more energy (MJ year⁻¹) than mono-digestion of BSG or wastewater alone. Anaerobic digestion of brewery wastewater alone presents a methane energy potential of 1.74 × 10¹⁰ MJ year⁻¹. With integrated co-digestion, this can increase to 6.15 × 10¹⁰ MJ year⁻¹, demonstrating substantial energy recovery gains. Although BSG mono-digestion delivers the highest specific methane yield (220.8 N mL CH₄ g⁻¹ COD), co-digestion with brewery wastewater (151.3 N mL CH₄ g⁻¹ COD), when scaled to actual residue generation, provides greater total energy output. Kinetic modeling showed distinct substrate behaviors: the Gompertz model best described wastewater digestion, while the Cone model better fit co-digestion.