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<p>Tannins are a class of natural polyphenols that have shown potential as renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional petroleum-based fillers. This study investigates two distinct solvent purification routes for tannin-based fillers—acetone and ethyl acetate—which were incorporated into rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) at concentrations of 1 wt% and 5 wt%. The influence of these fillers on mechanical strength, thermal stability, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, water absorption, and susceptibility to fungal degradation was evaluated. The results indicate that incorporating 5 wt% of ethyl acetate–purified tannin into the polyurethane matrix led to an increase of approximately 27% in compressive strength and a 25% higher char residue compared to unfilled foams, suggesting enhanced flame resistance. Additionally, the apparent density increased by nearly 15%, and the cell structure became more refined, indicating better filler dispersion. These findings highlight the potential of tannins—particularly when purified via solvent extraction—as sustainable additives for the development of advanced polyurethane foams with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, the use of these natural polyphenols aligns with global sustainability goals by reducing reliance on petroleum-derived fillers and contributing to the production of environmentally responsible, high-performance materials.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Tannin extracts from black wattle bark as a novel and compatible filler for rigid polyurethane foam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Elizandra Pagani,
  • André Luiz Missio,
  • Marlon Bender Bueno Rodrigues,
  • Ana Carolina Rodrigues Ribeiro Dezan,
  • Silvia Helena Fuentes,
  • Maurício Alves Ramos,
  • Andrey Pereira Acosta,
  • Rafael de Avila Delucis

摘要

Tannins are a class of natural polyphenols that have shown potential as renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional petroleum-based fillers. This study investigates two distinct solvent purification routes for tannin-based fillers—acetone and ethyl acetate—which were incorporated into rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) at concentrations of 1 wt% and 5 wt%. The influence of these fillers on mechanical strength, thermal stability, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, water absorption, and susceptibility to fungal degradation was evaluated. The results indicate that incorporating 5 wt% of ethyl acetate–purified tannin into the polyurethane matrix led to an increase of approximately 27% in compressive strength and a 25% higher char residue compared to unfilled foams, suggesting enhanced flame resistance. Additionally, the apparent density increased by nearly 15%, and the cell structure became more refined, indicating better filler dispersion. These findings highlight the potential of tannins—particularly when purified via solvent extraction—as sustainable additives for the development of advanced polyurethane foams with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, the use of these natural polyphenols aligns with global sustainability goals by reducing reliance on petroleum-derived fillers and contributing to the production of environmentally responsible, high-performance materials.

Graphical abstract