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<p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, plays a critical role in the central nervous system of mammals. In this comprehensive systematic review, we have reviewed the current state of research on GABA production from food and agricultural waste. From January1, 2000, to April 20, 2025, a comprehensive review of relevant studies was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The search utilized keywords like "gamma-aminobutyric acid," "γ-aminobutyric acid," "GABA," combined with terms such as "production," "biosynthesis," "food residues," "agricultural residues," "food waste," "agricultural waste," and "by-product". The results showed that diverse food and agricultural waste streams, including soybean meal, Chinese cabbage waste (CCW), rice bran, and etc. can serve as cost-effective substrates for microbial GABA biosynthesis. Various microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), probiotics, and yeasts, were employed to transform these waste materials into GABA. The optimization process focused on factors such as pH, temperature, MSG, and carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance production efficiency led to substantial improvements in GABA production yields. According to the results, the highest GABA yield from Chinese cabbage waste with an initial pH of 5, 1% monosodium glutamate (MSG), at a temperature of 30&#xa0;°C and a fermentation duration of 24&#xa0;h reached 55,100&#xa0;mg/L. This innovative approach is useful for valorizing organic residues and producing value-added products. In addition, it presents a promising solution for the sustainable disposal of food and agricultural waste. Microbial GABA biosynthesis offers significant advantages over traditional chemical methods, including reduced production costs and minimized environmental pollution. Overall, the findings highlight the immense potential of harnessing food and agricultural waste streams as feedstocks for the microbial production of the valuable compound GABA, representing a sustainable and economically viable alternative to conventional GABA manufacturing processes.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Production from Agro-Food Waste: A Systematic Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Azam Yousefi,
  • Setayesh Zamanpour,
  • Asma Afshari

摘要

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, plays a critical role in the central nervous system of mammals. In this comprehensive systematic review, we have reviewed the current state of research on GABA production from food and agricultural waste. From January1, 2000, to April 20, 2025, a comprehensive review of relevant studies was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The search utilized keywords like "gamma-aminobutyric acid," "γ-aminobutyric acid," "GABA," combined with terms such as "production," "biosynthesis," "food residues," "agricultural residues," "food waste," "agricultural waste," and "by-product". The results showed that diverse food and agricultural waste streams, including soybean meal, Chinese cabbage waste (CCW), rice bran, and etc. can serve as cost-effective substrates for microbial GABA biosynthesis. Various microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), probiotics, and yeasts, were employed to transform these waste materials into GABA. The optimization process focused on factors such as pH, temperature, MSG, and carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance production efficiency led to substantial improvements in GABA production yields. According to the results, the highest GABA yield from Chinese cabbage waste with an initial pH of 5, 1% monosodium glutamate (MSG), at a temperature of 30 °C and a fermentation duration of 24 h reached 55,100 mg/L. This innovative approach is useful for valorizing organic residues and producing value-added products. In addition, it presents a promising solution for the sustainable disposal of food and agricultural waste. Microbial GABA biosynthesis offers significant advantages over traditional chemical methods, including reduced production costs and minimized environmental pollution. Overall, the findings highlight the immense potential of harnessing food and agricultural waste streams as feedstocks for the microbial production of the valuable compound GABA, representing a sustainable and economically viable alternative to conventional GABA manufacturing processes.

Graphical Abstract