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<p>The study aimed to investigate the impact of integrated use of compost, farmyard manure (FYM), and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. strain IA16 on soil health and the growth and physiology of cucumbers (<i>Cucumis sativa</i> L.) under varying NaCl levels, i.e., 0.41, 2.0, and 4.0 dS m<sup>− 1</sup>. The results revealed that combined treatment of compost, FYM, and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. strain IA16 significantly enhanced nutrient availability and microbial activity, as indicated by higher total organic carbon, microbial biomass, and colony-forming units. The synergistic effect of these amendments improved soil quality, even under saline conditions, with PC1 and PC2 highlighting their influence on nutrient dynamics and organic matter content. Salinity stress adversely affects plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mineral content in shoots. However, combined treatments mitigated these effects, with the combination of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. IA16, compost, and farmyard manure showed the most substantial improvements in plant height (15.21&#xa0;cm), root length (4.25&#xa0;cm), and shoot dry weight (0.53&#xa0;g seedling⁻¹) under 4 dS m<sup>− 1</sup> salinity. This treatment also enhanced osmotic adjustment by increasing soluble sugar levels (2.83%) and proline concentration (2.31&#xa0;g mol⁻¹). The combined application also improved the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (0.82 U mg⁻¹ FW) and catalase (0.44 U mg⁻¹ FW), showing plants’ better tolerance to stress. Moreover, the combined use of PGPR, FYM, and compost was significantly better than sole applications in improving the mineral contents, i.e., N, P, K, Fe, and Zn in plants. It is concluded from the studies that the combined use of PGPR (<i>Bacillus</i> sp. IA16) and organic amendments showed effectiveness in inducing salinity stress tolerance in cucumber plants and thus can be used as a valuable tool to improve plant growth and soil health under salt stress. These results highlight the potential of combined treatments in reducing salt-induced problems and developing resilient agriculture systems.</p>

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Bio-Organic Fertilization Improves Soil and Plant Resilience Under NaCl Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Zafar Iqbal,
  • Ayesha Imran,
  • Farheen Nazli,
  • Maqshoof Ahmad,
  • Abubakar Dar,
  • Azhar Hussain,
  • Usman Zulfiqar,
  • Maryam Saeed,
  • Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa,
  • Mohamed S. Elshikh

摘要

The study aimed to investigate the impact of integrated use of compost, farmyard manure (FYM), and Bacillus sp. strain IA16 on soil health and the growth and physiology of cucumbers (Cucumis sativa L.) under varying NaCl levels, i.e., 0.41, 2.0, and 4.0 dS m− 1. The results revealed that combined treatment of compost, FYM, and Bacillus sp. strain IA16 significantly enhanced nutrient availability and microbial activity, as indicated by higher total organic carbon, microbial biomass, and colony-forming units. The synergistic effect of these amendments improved soil quality, even under saline conditions, with PC1 and PC2 highlighting their influence on nutrient dynamics and organic matter content. Salinity stress adversely affects plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mineral content in shoots. However, combined treatments mitigated these effects, with the combination of Bacillus sp. IA16, compost, and farmyard manure showed the most substantial improvements in plant height (15.21 cm), root length (4.25 cm), and shoot dry weight (0.53 g seedling⁻¹) under 4 dS m− 1 salinity. This treatment also enhanced osmotic adjustment by increasing soluble sugar levels (2.83%) and proline concentration (2.31 g mol⁻¹). The combined application also improved the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (0.82 U mg⁻¹ FW) and catalase (0.44 U mg⁻¹ FW), showing plants’ better tolerance to stress. Moreover, the combined use of PGPR, FYM, and compost was significantly better than sole applications in improving the mineral contents, i.e., N, P, K, Fe, and Zn in plants. It is concluded from the studies that the combined use of PGPR (Bacillus sp. IA16) and organic amendments showed effectiveness in inducing salinity stress tolerance in cucumber plants and thus can be used as a valuable tool to improve plant growth and soil health under salt stress. These results highlight the potential of combined treatments in reducing salt-induced problems and developing resilient agriculture systems.