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<p>Agricultural biomass is characterized by porous structure, while sewage sludge is rich in heteroatoms N and O. Based on this complementary characteristic, this work proposed the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors with N and O dual-atom doping through the self-assembly of biomass (rice husk, peanut shell) and sewage sludge using hydrothermal carbonization and high-temperature activation techniques. Interestingly, the sewage sludge played a structure-oriented role, which was reflected in the retention of the original micropores structure of rice husk/peanut shell and the introduction of the mesopores and macropores structure. This positive effect achieved a leap from micropores to mesopores as well as provided more charge storage sites. Moreover, the presence of sewage sludge improved the co-hydrolysis effect during the hydrothermal carbonization process, leading to an increase in the O-H peak intensity on the hydro-char surface. This made obtained carbon materials rich in oxygen-containing functional groups (O-H, C-O, C-O-C). Besides, N was also successfully incorporated into the atomic array of the carbon material, leading to an increase in the N content by three times. Especially, the content of pseudo-capacitive pyridinic nitrogen (N-6) that was more conducive to generating pseudocapacitance was greatly increased. Because of the self-assembly characteristics by porous structure and dual heteroatoms doping, the obtained sewage sludge-rice husk activated carbon exhibited a high specific capacitance of 220&#xa0;F/g at a current density of 1&#xa0;A/g, which was much higher than rice husk activated carbon (114&#xa0;F/g). The specific capacitance of sewage sludge-peanut shell activated carbon was slightly lower than peanut shell activated carbon, while it possesses a fast charge-discharge capability. Moreover, these carbon materials behaved lower ion diffusion resistance, thus facilitating rapid diffusion and propagation of electrons/ions within the material and improving the conductivity of the supercapacitors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Self-Assembly Fabrication of Agricultural Biomass with Sewage Sludge Toward Dual Heteroatoms Doped Supercapacitor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Yanjun Hu,
  • Jiajie Zhang,
  • Qianqian Guo,
  • Xu Wang,
  • Guohao Yang,
  • Long Jiao

摘要

Agricultural biomass is characterized by porous structure, while sewage sludge is rich in heteroatoms N and O. Based on this complementary characteristic, this work proposed the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors with N and O dual-atom doping through the self-assembly of biomass (rice husk, peanut shell) and sewage sludge using hydrothermal carbonization and high-temperature activation techniques. Interestingly, the sewage sludge played a structure-oriented role, which was reflected in the retention of the original micropores structure of rice husk/peanut shell and the introduction of the mesopores and macropores structure. This positive effect achieved a leap from micropores to mesopores as well as provided more charge storage sites. Moreover, the presence of sewage sludge improved the co-hydrolysis effect during the hydrothermal carbonization process, leading to an increase in the O-H peak intensity on the hydro-char surface. This made obtained carbon materials rich in oxygen-containing functional groups (O-H, C-O, C-O-C). Besides, N was also successfully incorporated into the atomic array of the carbon material, leading to an increase in the N content by three times. Especially, the content of pseudo-capacitive pyridinic nitrogen (N-6) that was more conducive to generating pseudocapacitance was greatly increased. Because of the self-assembly characteristics by porous structure and dual heteroatoms doping, the obtained sewage sludge-rice husk activated carbon exhibited a high specific capacitance of 220 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, which was much higher than rice husk activated carbon (114 F/g). The specific capacitance of sewage sludge-peanut shell activated carbon was slightly lower than peanut shell activated carbon, while it possesses a fast charge-discharge capability. Moreover, these carbon materials behaved lower ion diffusion resistance, thus facilitating rapid diffusion and propagation of electrons/ions within the material and improving the conductivity of the supercapacitors.

Graphical Abstract