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<p>This study investigates the potential of <i>Citrus limetta</i> (mosambi) peel as a sustainable raw material for biodegradable packaging. The peel contains 12.7% ± 0.021 moisture (dry basis), with oven and hot air-drying methods effectively reducing moisture while maintaining functional characteristics. The peel exhibits a low ash content of 1.6%, enhancing its biodegradability. A significant 10.8% pectin content contributes to the peel's flexibility and barrier properties against moisture and gases, making it suitable for packaging applications. The essential oil extracted from the peel shows 71.10% antioxidant activity at 75&#xa0;µl concentration and demonstrates antimicrobial properties, with inhibition zones of 2&#xa0;cm against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), 1.8&#xa0;cm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and 1.1&#xa0;cm against <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> (<i>S. Typhimurium</i>). The essential oil's main bioactive compound, D-limonene (77.5%), is linked to its antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy. Thermal analysis reveals that films made from mosambi peel exhibit an initial degradation temperature between 23.58 to 182.61&#xa0;°C, and a tensile strength of 16.95&#xa0;MPa, confirming their potential for use in packaging applications. These findings underscore the feasibility of using citrus peel as an eco-friendly alternative for sustainable packaging solutions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Harnessing Citrus Limetta Peel: Sustainable Biodegradable Packaging and Antimicrobial Properties for Eco-Friendly Solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Sony Kumari,
  • Arif Iquebal Siddique,
  • Sameer Hussain,
  • Rahel Debbarma,
  • Amiya Ojha

摘要

This study investigates the potential of Citrus limetta (mosambi) peel as a sustainable raw material for biodegradable packaging. The peel contains 12.7% ± 0.021 moisture (dry basis), with oven and hot air-drying methods effectively reducing moisture while maintaining functional characteristics. The peel exhibits a low ash content of 1.6%, enhancing its biodegradability. A significant 10.8% pectin content contributes to the peel's flexibility and barrier properties against moisture and gases, making it suitable for packaging applications. The essential oil extracted from the peel shows 71.10% antioxidant activity at 75 µl concentration and demonstrates antimicrobial properties, with inhibition zones of 2 cm against Escherichia coli (E. coli), 1.8 cm against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and 1.1 cm against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The essential oil's main bioactive compound, D-limonene (77.5%), is linked to its antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy. Thermal analysis reveals that films made from mosambi peel exhibit an initial degradation temperature between 23.58 to 182.61 °C, and a tensile strength of 16.95 MPa, confirming their potential for use in packaging applications. These findings underscore the feasibility of using citrus peel as an eco-friendly alternative for sustainable packaging solutions.

Graphical Abstract