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Purpose <p>Paneer whey (PW), a lactose-rich by-product of the dairy industry, holds potential for the production of bioactive compounds like galactooligosaccharides (GOS), contributing to the sustainability and value addition within the Indian dairy sector. This study aimed to optimize GOS production from PW using a dual-enzyme approach.</p> Method <p>Four β-galactosidase enzymes (Ao, Bl, Bf, Kl), derived from various microbial sources, were evaluated for their GOS production efficiency using concentrated paneer whey (50% total solids, 40% lactose content) as the substrate. The highest-performing enzymes, Bf and Kl, were further combined into dual-enzyme systems (Bl + Kl and Kl + Bf), and two hydrolysis methods—simultaneous and sequential—were tested to enhance GOS yield and reduce hydrolysis time.</p> Results <p>In CPW, among the single enzymes, Bf produced the highest GOS yield (8.61&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g) after 10&#xa0;h, while Kl yielded 6.60&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g after 4&#xa0;h. In the dual-enzyme approach, sequential hydrolysis significantly improved GOS production in CPW, with combination 1 (Bl + Kl) GOS content was 9.28&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g and combination 2 (Kl + Bf) achieving the highest yield at 10.41&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrates that a dual-enzyme system with sequential hydrolysis is more efficient in producing GOS from paneer whey than single-enzyme or simultaneous hydrolysis methods. The findings provide a sustainable and efficient solution for utilizing paneer whey as a source of valuable bioactive compounds, enhancing its industrial applicability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bioconversion of Paneer Whey Lactose in To Galactooligosaccharides by Dual Enzyme Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Nishigandha Deshmukh,
  • Sumit Arora,
  • C. T. Manoj Kumar,
  • N. Laxmana Naik,
  • M. H. Sathish Kumar,
  • Priyanka Singh Rao

摘要

Purpose

Paneer whey (PW), a lactose-rich by-product of the dairy industry, holds potential for the production of bioactive compounds like galactooligosaccharides (GOS), contributing to the sustainability and value addition within the Indian dairy sector. This study aimed to optimize GOS production from PW using a dual-enzyme approach.

Method

Four β-galactosidase enzymes (Ao, Bl, Bf, Kl), derived from various microbial sources, were evaluated for their GOS production efficiency using concentrated paneer whey (50% total solids, 40% lactose content) as the substrate. The highest-performing enzymes, Bf and Kl, were further combined into dual-enzyme systems (Bl + Kl and Kl + Bf), and two hydrolysis methods—simultaneous and sequential—were tested to enhance GOS yield and reduce hydrolysis time.

Results

In CPW, among the single enzymes, Bf produced the highest GOS yield (8.61 g/100 g) after 10 h, while Kl yielded 6.60 g/100 g after 4 h. In the dual-enzyme approach, sequential hydrolysis significantly improved GOS production in CPW, with combination 1 (Bl + Kl) GOS content was 9.28 g/100 g and combination 2 (Kl + Bf) achieving the highest yield at 10.41 g/100 g.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that a dual-enzyme system with sequential hydrolysis is more efficient in producing GOS from paneer whey than single-enzyme or simultaneous hydrolysis methods. The findings provide a sustainable and efficient solution for utilizing paneer whey as a source of valuable bioactive compounds, enhancing its industrial applicability.

Graphical Abstract