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<p>According to the results, the transmission electron microscopy verified that the aminated rice straw/oxidized sodium alginate/nutrients microsphere has a diameter ranging from 7.27 to 23.61&#xa0;nm. It had a pH between 5.81 and 6.48, which is almost neutral, and a sufficient proportion of C, H, N, and O. The microsphere of ABS, OSA, and nutrients complies with the requirements for slow-release fertilisers. The particle size of the ABS/OSA/nutrients was the main factor influencing their rate of water absorption. With a density of 0.701–0.732&#xa0;g cm<sup>− 3</sup>, the controlled release fertiliser microsphere demonstrated exceptional water absorption characteristics (32.42–45.72%). Excellent swelling capacity (3.68–4.14%) was demonstrated, along with a decreased salt index (0.05–0.08) and equilibrium water content (66–72%). It significantly improved the soil’s ability to retain water (43.58–54.26%) compared to commercial compound fertiliser (23.74%) and soil (20.21%) after 45 days, which is highly desirable for water supply in conditions of water stress. Compared to commercial fertiliser, it showed lesser releases of Ca<sub>+ 2</sub>, Mg<sub>+ 2</sub>, Zn<sub>+ 2</sub>, Fe<sub>+ 2/+3</sub>, and Na<sub>2</sub>O, indicating its low release behaviour. Thus, Ca<sub>+ 2</sub> &gt; Mg<sub>+ 2</sub> &gt; Fe<sub>+ 2/+3</sub> &gt; Zn<sub>+ 2</sub> was the next most leaching effective nutrient release pattern, behind Na<sub>2</sub>O. Additionally, of the four different biomass types, the best nutrient retention/sorption capability was demonstrated by the mustard biomass (MUB), which was followed by the soybean stover (SSB), maize (MSB), and rice straw biomass (RSB) for the regulated release of the nutrients Ca<sup>+ 2</sup>, Mg<sup>+ 2</sup>, Fe<sup>+ 2/+3</sup>, and Na<sub>2</sub>O. However, SSB demonstrated a remarkable ability to retain and sorb Zn<sub>+ 2</sub> nutrients, which was followed by MUB, MSB, and RSB biomass. An important step towards fostering sustainable agricultural development has been taken with the invention of the ABS/OSA/nutrients microsphere, a major technological breakthrough for the production of semi-interpenetrating structured biomass-based slow-release fertilisers.</p>

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Aminated Biomass Straw/ Oxidized Sodium Alginate/ Nutrients Microsphere: Enhancing Water Absorption and Controlled Release Fertilizer of Bio-Based Substances

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Shaon Kumar Das

摘要

According to the results, the transmission electron microscopy verified that the aminated rice straw/oxidized sodium alginate/nutrients microsphere has a diameter ranging from 7.27 to 23.61 nm. It had a pH between 5.81 and 6.48, which is almost neutral, and a sufficient proportion of C, H, N, and O. The microsphere of ABS, OSA, and nutrients complies with the requirements for slow-release fertilisers. The particle size of the ABS/OSA/nutrients was the main factor influencing their rate of water absorption. With a density of 0.701–0.732 g cm− 3, the controlled release fertiliser microsphere demonstrated exceptional water absorption characteristics (32.42–45.72%). Excellent swelling capacity (3.68–4.14%) was demonstrated, along with a decreased salt index (0.05–0.08) and equilibrium water content (66–72%). It significantly improved the soil’s ability to retain water (43.58–54.26%) compared to commercial compound fertiliser (23.74%) and soil (20.21%) after 45 days, which is highly desirable for water supply in conditions of water stress. Compared to commercial fertiliser, it showed lesser releases of Ca+ 2, Mg+ 2, Zn+ 2, Fe+ 2/+3, and Na2O, indicating its low release behaviour. Thus, Ca+ 2 > Mg+ 2 > Fe+ 2/+3 > Zn+ 2 was the next most leaching effective nutrient release pattern, behind Na2O. Additionally, of the four different biomass types, the best nutrient retention/sorption capability was demonstrated by the mustard biomass (MUB), which was followed by the soybean stover (SSB), maize (MSB), and rice straw biomass (RSB) for the regulated release of the nutrients Ca+ 2, Mg+ 2, Fe+ 2/+3, and Na2O. However, SSB demonstrated a remarkable ability to retain and sorb Zn+ 2 nutrients, which was followed by MUB, MSB, and RSB biomass. An important step towards fostering sustainable agricultural development has been taken with the invention of the ABS/OSA/nutrients microsphere, a major technological breakthrough for the production of semi-interpenetrating structured biomass-based slow-release fertilisers.