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Purpose <p>The aim of the study was to identify the optimal conditions for the combined process, solid-state fermentation and maceration, for the highest recovery of polyphenols with disinfectant potency from aloe vera rind (AVR). After the process, the changes in phenolic compounds and the improvement of AVR extract in terms of antibacterial activity and surface disinfection efficiency and stability were determined.</p> Methods <p>Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions. Phenolic compounds were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The fermented and unfermented extract was compared for the antibacterial activity along with disinfectant efficacy and stability, when being impregnated into wipes, against eight commonly infected pathogenic bacteria.</p> Results <p>Optimal fermentation and maceration conditions were identified, which were 5.7 days, 29.7<sup>o</sup>C, and 59.8% for fermentation time, temperature, and moisture content, respectively, and 45<sup>o</sup>C, 107.1&#xa0;min, 71%, and 16.5 mL/g for maceration temperature and time, solvent concentration, and solvent/solid ratio, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the fermented extract had 294% higher total phenolic content, particularly higher levels of ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, sinapic acid and syringic acid, compared to the unfermented extract. In terms of antibacterial activity, the unfermented extract showed negligible anti-growth, anti-survival and anti-biofilm effects on all bacteria tested, in contrast to the significant effects of the fermented extract. In terms of disinfectant efficacy, the unfermented extract wipes showed no activity, whereas the fermented extract wipes reduced approximately 3–4 log numbers of tested bacteria both on the surface and in the wipes, and their surface disinfectant activity remained stable after six weeks.</p> Conclusion <p>Solid-state fermentation combined with maceration was demonstrated as a simple and cost-effective approach to enhance the disinfectant capacity and stability of AVR extract with prospective applications in ready-to-use disinfectant wipes.</p>

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Solid-state Fermentation Followed by Maceration to Recover Disinfectants from Aloe Vera Waste with Improved Efficacy for Bacterial Surface Disinfection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月15日

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  • Han Tran Gia Le,
  • Huyen Ngoc Nguyen,
  • Ngoc Thanh Vu

摘要

Purpose

The aim of the study was to identify the optimal conditions for the combined process, solid-state fermentation and maceration, for the highest recovery of polyphenols with disinfectant potency from aloe vera rind (AVR). After the process, the changes in phenolic compounds and the improvement of AVR extract in terms of antibacterial activity and surface disinfection efficiency and stability were determined.

Methods

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions. Phenolic compounds were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The fermented and unfermented extract was compared for the antibacterial activity along with disinfectant efficacy and stability, when being impregnated into wipes, against eight commonly infected pathogenic bacteria.

Results

Optimal fermentation and maceration conditions were identified, which were 5.7 days, 29.7oC, and 59.8% for fermentation time, temperature, and moisture content, respectively, and 45oC, 107.1 min, 71%, and 16.5 mL/g for maceration temperature and time, solvent concentration, and solvent/solid ratio, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the fermented extract had 294% higher total phenolic content, particularly higher levels of ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, sinapic acid and syringic acid, compared to the unfermented extract. In terms of antibacterial activity, the unfermented extract showed negligible anti-growth, anti-survival and anti-biofilm effects on all bacteria tested, in contrast to the significant effects of the fermented extract. In terms of disinfectant efficacy, the unfermented extract wipes showed no activity, whereas the fermented extract wipes reduced approximately 3–4 log numbers of tested bacteria both on the surface and in the wipes, and their surface disinfectant activity remained stable after six weeks.

Conclusion

Solid-state fermentation combined with maceration was demonstrated as a simple and cost-effective approach to enhance the disinfectant capacity and stability of AVR extract with prospective applications in ready-to-use disinfectant wipes.