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<p>The cow manure and corn straw were co-digested in semi-continuous stirring tank reactors at three organic loading rates (OLR) of (2.0; 3.0; 4.0) g&#xa0;VS/L-day. For the co-digestion carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25 was utilized by the current study. To investigate the impacts of the granular activated carbon (GAC), three different dose of GAC (50;100;150) g/6.5L were applied. The GAC had successfully enhanced the methane generation capability by enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer process. The OLR of 3.0&#xa0;g&#xa0;VS/L-day and GAC dose of 100&#xa0;g GAC/6.5L was proved as the optimum with specific methane generation capability of 309&#xa0;ml/g.VS with VS removal efficiency of 62.41% and methane started to decline when the OLR increased. The highest total ammonia concentration was found around 23&#xa0;mg/L and no ammonia inhibition effects were recorded. The detailed electrical energy production potential and economic feasibility of the developed technology was also evaluated considering the anaerobic digestion of 10 tons of biowaste per day. The breakeven point of the project was estimated as 5.17&#xa0;years and after this time the annual benefits of $464,267 were calculated. The developed technology has multiple aspects of commercialization, ensuring rural energy security and development of bio-circular economy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Influences of Granular Activated Carbon on Methane Production Performance of Cow Manure and Corn Straw in Semi-continuous Stirring Tank Reactor: Organic Loading Rate Optimization and Economic Considerations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Muhammad Aamir,
  • Muhammad Hassan

摘要

The cow manure and corn straw were co-digested in semi-continuous stirring tank reactors at three organic loading rates (OLR) of (2.0; 3.0; 4.0) g VS/L-day. For the co-digestion carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25 was utilized by the current study. To investigate the impacts of the granular activated carbon (GAC), three different dose of GAC (50;100;150) g/6.5L were applied. The GAC had successfully enhanced the methane generation capability by enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer process. The OLR of 3.0 g VS/L-day and GAC dose of 100 g GAC/6.5L was proved as the optimum with specific methane generation capability of 309 ml/g.VS with VS removal efficiency of 62.41% and methane started to decline when the OLR increased. The highest total ammonia concentration was found around 23 mg/L and no ammonia inhibition effects were recorded. The detailed electrical energy production potential and economic feasibility of the developed technology was also evaluated considering the anaerobic digestion of 10 tons of biowaste per day. The breakeven point of the project was estimated as 5.17 years and after this time the annual benefits of $464,267 were calculated. The developed technology has multiple aspects of commercialization, ensuring rural energy security and development of bio-circular economy.

Graphical Abstract