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<p>Valorizing waste rose flowers into rose oil, rich in terpene alcohols, aromatics, and straight-chain alkanes, is significant as these compounds are key precursors for fragrance, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. This study aims to optimize ultrasonication-assisted rose oil extraction from rose flower waste to increase oil yield, reduce processing time, and minimize solvent usage while operating at low temperatures to preserve the oil's colour, aroma, and chemical properties. Roses from two different regions, India and the UK, were studied for rose oil composition and extraction yield. Parameter optimization was done using Box–Behnken design to determine rose oil yield for varying operating parameters, i.e. sonication time (10–20&#xa0;min), sonication amplitude (20–40%), and solvent amount (50–100&#xa0;mL). RSM studies facilitated parameter optimization. Sonication time was the extraction process's most significant parameter (<i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.05). With Indian roses, maximum rose oil yield was 42%, treating 10&#xa0;g dried crushed rose petals with 100&#xa0;mL ethanol solvent for 10-min sonication time and 40% sonication amplitude. GC analysis of rose oil extract revealed components citronellol (0.51–46.51%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (0.21–28.44%) and diethyl phthalate (0.19–16.68%). The operational parameters significantly impact rose oil yield and its component composition. Ethanol extraction with a shorter sonication duration is beneficial for higher rose oil yield, optimal conditions predict a sonication time of just 10&#xa0;min. FTIR spectra of rose oil confirmed presence of lipids, terpenes, alkanes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. SEM images revealed rapid cell rupture, revealing the collapse of the nanopillar-like papillate cells in rose petals even for short sonication duration. Rose oil yield of UK grown roses was lower and oil composition significantly differed from the Indian variety, possibly due to variations in species climatic and growing conditions. The plausible mechanism for converting compounds β-carotene and quercetin in roses into citronellol and phenyl ethyl alcohol was proposed.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Sustainable Green Approach for Enhanced Rose-Oil Extraction from Waste Rose Petals through Ultrasound-Assisted Technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月5日

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  • Surabhi Singh,
  • Alisa Wikaputri,
  • Rohidas Bhoi,
  • Parimala Shivaprasad,
  • Suja George

摘要

Valorizing waste rose flowers into rose oil, rich in terpene alcohols, aromatics, and straight-chain alkanes, is significant as these compounds are key precursors for fragrance, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. This study aims to optimize ultrasonication-assisted rose oil extraction from rose flower waste to increase oil yield, reduce processing time, and minimize solvent usage while operating at low temperatures to preserve the oil's colour, aroma, and chemical properties. Roses from two different regions, India and the UK, were studied for rose oil composition and extraction yield. Parameter optimization was done using Box–Behnken design to determine rose oil yield for varying operating parameters, i.e. sonication time (10–20 min), sonication amplitude (20–40%), and solvent amount (50–100 mL). RSM studies facilitated parameter optimization. Sonication time was the extraction process's most significant parameter (p-value < 0.05). With Indian roses, maximum rose oil yield was 42%, treating 10 g dried crushed rose petals with 100 mL ethanol solvent for 10-min sonication time and 40% sonication amplitude. GC analysis of rose oil extract revealed components citronellol (0.51–46.51%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (0.21–28.44%) and diethyl phthalate (0.19–16.68%). The operational parameters significantly impact rose oil yield and its component composition. Ethanol extraction with a shorter sonication duration is beneficial for higher rose oil yield, optimal conditions predict a sonication time of just 10 min. FTIR spectra of rose oil confirmed presence of lipids, terpenes, alkanes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. SEM images revealed rapid cell rupture, revealing the collapse of the nanopillar-like papillate cells in rose petals even for short sonication duration. Rose oil yield of UK grown roses was lower and oil composition significantly differed from the Indian variety, possibly due to variations in species climatic and growing conditions. The plausible mechanism for converting compounds β-carotene and quercetin in roses into citronellol and phenyl ethyl alcohol was proposed.

Graphical Abstract