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<p><i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco fruits experience significant fruit drop due to multiple environmental conditions that result in massive agricultural waste. The fruits can be used as source of bioactive components used as biofungicides in the agriculture sector which can replace synthetic fungicides having various side effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> fruits dropped in the month of June against phytopathogenic fungi; <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Drechslera oryzae</i> causing sheath blight and brown spot disease in rice plants respectively. The methanol extract from the fruits was prepared by Soxhlet extraction followed by its fractionation using various polar and non-polar solvents. Among all the treatments, methanol extract exhibited maximum antifungal potential by in vitro studies against <i>R. solani</i> and <i>D. oryzae</i> with ED<sub>50</sub> values as 510 and 580&#xa0;µg/mL respectively. The methanol extract at 1500&#xa0;µg/mL showed less disease incidence of sheath blight and brown spot disease than the untreated plants in rice cultivars (PR128 and PR124) respectively during kharif seasons (2021, 2022). The extract caused increase in cell components release in both fungi with shrunken and broken hyphae as revealed by SEM analysis. GC-MS analysis of extract showed the presence of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3’,4’,5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone, 4’,5,6,7,8-Pentamethoxyflavone, quinic acid and 5-demethylnobiletin as major compounds and their molecular docking with cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51) revealed good docking scores (–6.9 to − 6.4&#xa0;kcal mol<sup>–1</sup>). Hence, the dropped fruits can be used as botanical fungicides to control fungal diseases in rice as an effective strategy for biomass valorization.</p>

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Exploring the Antimycotic Potential of Dropped Citrus Fruit Extracts as a Biopesticide Against Phytopathogenic Fungi in Rice Accompanied by Molecular Docking Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月4日

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  • Heena,
  • Sonia Kaushal,
  • Mandeep Singh Hunjan,
  • Yesmin Kaur,
  • Kamaljot Singh,
  • Bhupesh Goyal,
  • Vishaldeep Kaur

摘要

Citrus reticulata Blanco fruits experience significant fruit drop due to multiple environmental conditions that result in massive agricultural waste. The fruits can be used as source of bioactive components used as biofungicides in the agriculture sector which can replace synthetic fungicides having various side effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Citrus reticulata fruits dropped in the month of June against phytopathogenic fungi; Rhizoctonia solani and Drechslera oryzae causing sheath blight and brown spot disease in rice plants respectively. The methanol extract from the fruits was prepared by Soxhlet extraction followed by its fractionation using various polar and non-polar solvents. Among all the treatments, methanol extract exhibited maximum antifungal potential by in vitro studies against R. solani and D. oryzae with ED50 values as 510 and 580 µg/mL respectively. The methanol extract at 1500 µg/mL showed less disease incidence of sheath blight and brown spot disease than the untreated plants in rice cultivars (PR128 and PR124) respectively during kharif seasons (2021, 2022). The extract caused increase in cell components release in both fungi with shrunken and broken hyphae as revealed by SEM analysis. GC-MS analysis of extract showed the presence of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3’,4’,5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone, 4’,5,6,7,8-Pentamethoxyflavone, quinic acid and 5-demethylnobiletin as major compounds and their molecular docking with cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51) revealed good docking scores (–6.9 to − 6.4 kcal mol–1). Hence, the dropped fruits can be used as botanical fungicides to control fungal diseases in rice as an effective strategy for biomass valorization.