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<p>This study explores the structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of pure TiO<sub>2</sub> and silver-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (Ag–TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles synthesized via a simple one-step sol–gel method with Ag concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9&#xa0;mol%. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of a pure anatase phase in all prepared TiO<sub>2</sub> samples, with crystallite sizes decreasing from 9.46 to 6.82&#xa0;nm upon Ag incorporation. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images revealed uniformly distributed nanosized Ag particles on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface, whereas the SAED patterns indicated a polycrystalline nature. Optical studies showed a redshift in the absorption edge and band gap narrowing from 3.10 to 2.91&#xa0;eV, which was attributed to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreased with increasing Ag content, suggesting the suppression of the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Photocatalytic experiments using methylene blue (MB) under visible LED irradiation demonstrated that 3&#xa0;mol% Ag–TiO<sub>2</sub> achieved the highest degradation efficiency of 95.7% within 240&#xa0;min, with an apparent first-order rate constant of 1.37 × 10<sup>–2</sup>&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>, representing an approximately 8.5-fold increase over that of pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> (1.62 × 10<sup>–3</sup>&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>). Radical scavenging- tests identified ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and h<sup>+</sup> as the dominant reactive species. The optimized photocatalyst retained over 90% of its activity after five consecutive cycles, confirming its high stability. Overall, Ag doping effectively tailors the physicochemical and catalytic properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>, yielding a robust and sustainable photocatalyst for visible-light-driven-environmental remediation.</p>

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One-step sol–gel synthesis of Ag–TiO2 nanophotocatalyst for visible LED light-driven methylene blue degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Agidew Sewnet,
  • Solomon Demiss Negedu,
  • Melese Yalew Ayalew,
  • Esayas Alemayehu

摘要

This study explores the structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of pure TiO2 and silver-doped TiO2 (Ag–TiO2) nanoparticles synthesized via a simple one-step sol–gel method with Ag concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mol%. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of a pure anatase phase in all prepared TiO2 samples, with crystallite sizes decreasing from 9.46 to 6.82 nm upon Ag incorporation. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images revealed uniformly distributed nanosized Ag particles on the TiO2 surface, whereas the SAED patterns indicated a polycrystalline nature. Optical studies showed a redshift in the absorption edge and band gap narrowing from 3.10 to 2.91 eV, which was attributed to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreased with increasing Ag content, suggesting the suppression of the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Photocatalytic experiments using methylene blue (MB) under visible LED irradiation demonstrated that 3 mol% Ag–TiO2 achieved the highest degradation efficiency of 95.7% within 240 min, with an apparent first-order rate constant of 1.37 × 10–2 min−1, representing an approximately 8.5-fold increase over that of pristine TiO2 (1.62 × 10–3 min−1). Radical scavenging- tests identified ·O2− and h+ as the dominant reactive species. The optimized photocatalyst retained over 90% of its activity after five consecutive cycles, confirming its high stability. Overall, Ag doping effectively tailors the physicochemical and catalytic properties of TiO2, yielding a robust and sustainable photocatalyst for visible-light-driven-environmental remediation.