<p>We investigate the physical properties of a Dunkl black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings, a novel solution arising from a gauge theory of gravity based on the de Sitter group SO(4,1). The spacetime is characterized by the Dunkl deformation parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\zeta$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ζ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which modifies the Schwarzschild metric via Dunkl operators, and the string cloud parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, introducing a dark energy-like contribution. We analyze the dynamics of massive test particles in the equatorial plane, deriving the effective potential, specific angular momentum, specific energy, and innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), which reveal deviations from the Schwarzschild case due to <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\zeta$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ζ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The thermodynamic properties, including the Hawking temperature, Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, heat capacity, enthalpy, pressure, internal energy, and Gibbs free energy, are examined, highlighting quantum-gravity corrections and cosmological effects. Using the Novikov-Thorne model, we study the radiative properties of a thin accretion disk, computing the electromagnetic flux, temperature profile, and differential luminosity. The Dunkl deformation enhances flux and temperature near the ISCO, suggesting darker disks, while the string cloud reduces these quantities, indicating dimmer disks with broader inner edges. These findings, evident in X-ray spectra of BH binaries, provide a framework for constraining <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\zeta$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ζ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and offer insights into quantum gravity, noncommutative geometries, and cosmological influences in modified spacetimes.</p>

Dunkl black holes with cloud of strings: geodesics, thermodynamic and radiative properties

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年4月29日

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Shokhzod Jumaniyozov,
Javlon Rayimbaev,
Inomjon Ibragimov,
Yunus Turaev,
Aybek Seytov,
Jamshid Khasanov

摘要

We investigate the physical properties of a Dunkl black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings, a novel solution arising from a gauge theory of gravity based on the de Sitter group SO(4,1). The spacetime is characterized by the Dunkl deformation parameter $\zeta$ $ζ$ , which modifies the Schwarzschild metric via Dunkl operators, and the string cloud parameter $\alpha$ $α$ , introducing a dark energy-like contribution. We analyze the dynamics of massive test particles in the equatorial plane, deriving the effective potential, specific angular momentum, specific energy, and innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), which reveal deviations from the Schwarzschild case due to $\zeta$ $ζ$ and $\alpha$ $α$ . The thermodynamic properties, including the Hawking temperature, Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, heat capacity, enthalpy, pressure, internal energy, and Gibbs free energy, are examined, highlighting quantum-gravity corrections and cosmological effects. Using the Novikov-Thorne model, we study the radiative properties of a thin accretion disk, computing the electromagnetic flux, temperature profile, and differential luminosity. The Dunkl deformation enhances flux and temperature near the ISCO, suggesting darker disks, while the string cloud reduces these quantities, indicating dimmer disks with broader inner edges. These findings, evident in X-ray spectra of BH binaries, provide a framework for constraining $\zeta$ $ζ$ and $\alpha$ $α$ and offer insights into quantum gravity, noncommutative geometries, and cosmological influences in modified spacetimes.