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<p>Rotation in the quantum world constitutes a source of counterintuitive predictions as illustrated by the famous rotating bucket experiment with liquid helium. Dipole–dipole interactions (DDI) can induce quantum phase transitions in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). We employ the imaginary-time propagation algorithm based on the Peaceman–Rachford method to investigate the combined effects of DDI and rotation on the ground-state structures of BECs. It is found that such combined effects can generate giant vortex in a toroidal trap. As the rotation frequency or the repulsive DDI increases, the quantum number of the giant vortex structure increases. In addition, the system supports novel spin textures and giant skyrmions. Our calculations show that the topological charge carried by the giant skyrmion equals the absolute value of the difference in circulation quantum numbers between the two components. These findings provide a theoretical basis and reference for related cold-atom experiments.</p>

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Giant skyrmions of dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in a rotating toroidal trap

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • H. Yang,
  • P. Y. Li,
  • Y. Gao,
  • H. X. Li,
  • B. Yu

摘要

Rotation in the quantum world constitutes a source of counterintuitive predictions as illustrated by the famous rotating bucket experiment with liquid helium. Dipole–dipole interactions (DDI) can induce quantum phase transitions in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). We employ the imaginary-time propagation algorithm based on the Peaceman–Rachford method to investigate the combined effects of DDI and rotation on the ground-state structures of BECs. It is found that such combined effects can generate giant vortex in a toroidal trap. As the rotation frequency or the repulsive DDI increases, the quantum number of the giant vortex structure increases. In addition, the system supports novel spin textures and giant skyrmions. Our calculations show that the topological charge carried by the giant skyrmion equals the absolute value of the difference in circulation quantum numbers between the two components. These findings provide a theoretical basis and reference for related cold-atom experiments.