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<p>Due to complex electrodynamic processes, the ionosphere over the equatorial anomaly region, exhibits significant variability during geomagnetic storms. This study investigates the response of the ionospheric E- and F-regions to intense and moderate geomagnetic storms using ground-based ionosonde data from an equatorial anomaly station, Bangalore (12.9716°N, 77.5946°E), Hyderabad (17.4065°N, 78.4772°E) and GUAM (13.3824°N, 144.6973°E). Key parameters such as ionospheric Total Electron Content and the critical frequencies (foEs, foE, foF1 and foF2) are analyzed to characterize storm-time changes. Results reveal distinct pre-storm enhancements and storm-time depletions or surges in both E- and F-layers, which vary with local time, storm intensity, and solar activity levels. Notably, sporadic E (Es) layer occurrences tend to intensify a few days prior to storm onset, suggesting their potential as early indicators of upcoming geomagnetic disturbances. During magnetic storm, the F-region shows varied responses, including positive and negative storm phases which are primarily influenced by some factors such as particle precipitation, disturbances in Dynamo Electric field, Prompt Penetration of high latitudinal electric field and the injection and penetration of high energetic charged particles. These combined processes contribute to the complexity of the entire atmospheric system. Therefore, these findings contribute to a better understanding of ionospheric storm dynamics in equatorial anomaly regions and have implications for space weather modelling and HF communication reliability.</p>

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Stormtime ionospheric dynamics in the E- and F-regions over equatorial anomaly region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Aidashisha Bareh,
  • Bornali Chetia

摘要

Due to complex electrodynamic processes, the ionosphere over the equatorial anomaly region, exhibits significant variability during geomagnetic storms. This study investigates the response of the ionospheric E- and F-regions to intense and moderate geomagnetic storms using ground-based ionosonde data from an equatorial anomaly station, Bangalore (12.9716°N, 77.5946°E), Hyderabad (17.4065°N, 78.4772°E) and GUAM (13.3824°N, 144.6973°E). Key parameters such as ionospheric Total Electron Content and the critical frequencies (foEs, foE, foF1 and foF2) are analyzed to characterize storm-time changes. Results reveal distinct pre-storm enhancements and storm-time depletions or surges in both E- and F-layers, which vary with local time, storm intensity, and solar activity levels. Notably, sporadic E (Es) layer occurrences tend to intensify a few days prior to storm onset, suggesting their potential as early indicators of upcoming geomagnetic disturbances. During magnetic storm, the F-region shows varied responses, including positive and negative storm phases which are primarily influenced by some factors such as particle precipitation, disturbances in Dynamo Electric field, Prompt Penetration of high latitudinal electric field and the injection and penetration of high energetic charged particles. These combined processes contribute to the complexity of the entire atmospheric system. Therefore, these findings contribute to a better understanding of ionospheric storm dynamics in equatorial anomaly regions and have implications for space weather modelling and HF communication reliability.