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<p>This study investigates the oblique propagation of multi-solitons and lump solitons governed by a time- and space-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation (ZKE). The model describes electrostatic excitations in a relativistic, rotating magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma. The nonlinear evolution equation is derived using the reductive perturbation method to capture the dynamics of these localized wave structures. The classical ZKE is then generalized to its fractional-order form using Agarwal’s fractionalization technique, which incorporates temporal and spatial memory effects. By employing the Hirota bilinear method, we construct exact solutions for multi-solitons and lump solitons. The impact of fractional parameters on the dynamical evolution and interaction of these waves is analyzed in detail, revealing a rich variety of nonlinear features and wave behaviors.</p>

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Propagation of oblique overtaking multi-soliton and lump soliton through time and space fractional nonlinear evolution equation in relativistic, rotating magnetized multi-species plasmas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Salena Akther,
  • Md. Golam Hafez

摘要

This study investigates the oblique propagation of multi-solitons and lump solitons governed by a time- and space-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation (ZKE). The model describes electrostatic excitations in a relativistic, rotating magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma. The nonlinear evolution equation is derived using the reductive perturbation method to capture the dynamics of these localized wave structures. The classical ZKE is then generalized to its fractional-order form using Agarwal’s fractionalization technique, which incorporates temporal and spatial memory effects. By employing the Hirota bilinear method, we construct exact solutions for multi-solitons and lump solitons. The impact of fractional parameters on the dynamical evolution and interaction of these waves is analyzed in detail, revealing a rich variety of nonlinear features and wave behaviors.