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<p>This systematic review integrates data from 56 studies from the period 2000–2024 to analyze the concentration, sources, and health effects of ambient PM<sub>1</sub> in India and other parts of the world. The mean concentration of PM<sub>1</sub>, as determined using filter-based methodologies in different areas of India, was 102.84 ± 51.63&#xa0;μg&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup>, varying between 30.03 and 231&#xa0;μg&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup>. In studies that addressed source apportionment in 14 Asian region, secondary aerosol formation was identified as the primary contributor of PM<sub>1</sub>, followed by industrial emissions and biomass burning. The review additionally addresses the analytical and sampling methods employed, for mass measurements of PM<sub>1</sub> as well as the chemical profiling. Notably, a clear gap exists regarding direct, on-site monitoring efforts to develop accurate chemical source profiles for PM<sub>1</sub>. Many studies lack thorough chemical characterization, especially concerning carbonaceous matter, ions, and elements, which are crucial for precise source identification. Additionally, research on the long-term atmospheric and health effects of PM<sub>1</sub> exposure remains limited, with chronic health impacts receiving insufficient attention. These gaps highlight the urgent need for more comprehensive and targeted research to advance understanding of PM<sub>1</sub> pollution and its broader environmental and public health implications.</p>

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PM1 in the Atmosphere: Mapping Global Trends, Characterization, Source Attribution, and Health Consequences

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Suryakant Manikpuri,
  • Manas Kanti Deb,
  • Shamsh Pervez,
  • Shubhra Sinha,
  • Rajiv Nayan,
  • Indrapal Karbhal

摘要

This systematic review integrates data from 56 studies from the period 2000–2024 to analyze the concentration, sources, and health effects of ambient PM1 in India and other parts of the world. The mean concentration of PM1, as determined using filter-based methodologies in different areas of India, was 102.84 ± 51.63 μg m−3, varying between 30.03 and 231 μg m−3. In studies that addressed source apportionment in 14 Asian region, secondary aerosol formation was identified as the primary contributor of PM1, followed by industrial emissions and biomass burning. The review additionally addresses the analytical and sampling methods employed, for mass measurements of PM1 as well as the chemical profiling. Notably, a clear gap exists regarding direct, on-site monitoring efforts to develop accurate chemical source profiles for PM1. Many studies lack thorough chemical characterization, especially concerning carbonaceous matter, ions, and elements, which are crucial for precise source identification. Additionally, research on the long-term atmospheric and health effects of PM1 exposure remains limited, with chronic health impacts receiving insufficient attention. These gaps highlight the urgent need for more comprehensive and targeted research to advance understanding of PM1 pollution and its broader environmental and public health implications.