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<p>Electro-Optic Modulators (EOM) are most commonly used for side band generation or modulations of optical frequencies in GHz ranges. EOM consists of a crystal that changes its refractive index when an external RF voltage is applied and depending on the applied RF frequency, it generates additional frequencies around the carrier optical frequency. However, the EOMs require stable RF frequency and voltage for producing precise and stable sideband frequencies. The present article describes about the development of a voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) based RF sources for generating tuneable RF frequencies and a phase-locked loop (PLL) for stabilizing the generated frequencies with respect to a reference signal. The reference signals are generated from a direct digital synthesis (DDS) evaluation board. Output frequency of the RF sources are tuneable with a resolution of 10&#xa0;MHz and the higher order harmonics have insignificant power. The effectiveness or acceptability of the RF sources were tested through characterization of the generated sidebands in the optical frequency domain.</p>

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Design and Development of Stabilized RF sources for Optical frequency modulations through Electro-Optic-Modulators (EOMs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Shubham Utreja,
  • Pallab Roy,
  • Harish Rathore,
  • Sourin Choudhury,
  • Manoj Das,
  • Subhasis Panja

摘要

Electro-Optic Modulators (EOM) are most commonly used for side band generation or modulations of optical frequencies in GHz ranges. EOM consists of a crystal that changes its refractive index when an external RF voltage is applied and depending on the applied RF frequency, it generates additional frequencies around the carrier optical frequency. However, the EOMs require stable RF frequency and voltage for producing precise and stable sideband frequencies. The present article describes about the development of a voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) based RF sources for generating tuneable RF frequencies and a phase-locked loop (PLL) for stabilizing the generated frequencies with respect to a reference signal. The reference signals are generated from a direct digital synthesis (DDS) evaluation board. Output frequency of the RF sources are tuneable with a resolution of 10 MHz and the higher order harmonics have insignificant power. The effectiveness or acceptability of the RF sources were tested through characterization of the generated sidebands in the optical frequency domain.