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<p>Dog ectoparasitic infestations pose significant public health concerns due to the zoonotic transmission of arthropod-borne pathogens. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 468 dogs (283 herding, 185 stray) across four western Iranian provinces (Kurdistan, Hamadan, Markazi, Zanjan) from February to July 2023. Ectoparasites were collected by full-body examination, preserved in 70% ethanol, and morphologically identified using taxonomic keys. Overall infestation prevalence was 22.0%, with ticks being most common (14.3%), followed by mites (4.3%), fleas (4.1%), and lice (1.3%). The predominant species were <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>, <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i> var. <i>canis</i>, <i>Ctenocephalides canis</i>, and <i>Trichodectes canis</i>. Juvenile dogs (&lt; 1 year) showed higher infestation (28.0%) compared to older animals, but this was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.27). Similarly, although male dogs and stray dogs exhibited slightly higher prevalence, multivariate logistic regression indicated no significant association of infestation with age, sex, dog type, or province (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Spatial heterogeneity was observed, with Kurdistan province exhibiting the highest burden (31.4%), likely due to local climatic and ecological conditions favoring ectoparasite survival and reproduction. These findings highlight the role of free-roaming dogs as reservoirs of veterinary and zoonotic ectoparasites and underscore the need for targeted surveillance and control measures in peri-urban and rural settings.</p>

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Prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods (ticks, mites, fleas, and lice) infesting herd and stray dogs in western Iran: an epidemiological study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Alireza Ghorbani,
  • Maryam Hataminejad,
  • Amirreza Ghorbani,
  • Erfan Darmanloo

摘要

Dog ectoparasitic infestations pose significant public health concerns due to the zoonotic transmission of arthropod-borne pathogens. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 468 dogs (283 herding, 185 stray) across four western Iranian provinces (Kurdistan, Hamadan, Markazi, Zanjan) from February to July 2023. Ectoparasites were collected by full-body examination, preserved in 70% ethanol, and morphologically identified using taxonomic keys. Overall infestation prevalence was 22.0%, with ticks being most common (14.3%), followed by mites (4.3%), fleas (4.1%), and lice (1.3%). The predominant species were Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, Ctenocephalides canis, and Trichodectes canis. Juvenile dogs (< 1 year) showed higher infestation (28.0%) compared to older animals, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.27). Similarly, although male dogs and stray dogs exhibited slightly higher prevalence, multivariate logistic regression indicated no significant association of infestation with age, sex, dog type, or province (p > 0.05). Spatial heterogeneity was observed, with Kurdistan province exhibiting the highest burden (31.4%), likely due to local climatic and ecological conditions favoring ectoparasite survival and reproduction. These findings highlight the role of free-roaming dogs as reservoirs of veterinary and zoonotic ectoparasites and underscore the need for targeted surveillance and control measures in peri-urban and rural settings.