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<p><i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> is a common cause of diarrhoea with trophozoite and cyst stages that may not be completely eradicated by standard therapy. To determine the prevalence of <i>E. histolytica</i> in symptomatic patients and to compare antiparasitic activity by reference drugs with five extracts from medicinal plants against trophozoites and cysts, including IC₅₀ for trophozoites. 500 stool samples were examined by light microscopy and concentration methods. In vitro susceptibility was performed by exposing trophozoites and cysts to test agents; viability of trophozoites was quantified with a colorimetric metabolic reduction assay (dose–response for IC₅₀) and viability of cysts with a screening cyst viability assay. Experiments were performed in triplicate. The overall prevalence was 66.0% (330/500), with a higher rate of infection among males (73.0%) and children aged 6&#xa0;months–10&#xa0;years (66.7%; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). From profiling, metronidazole inhibited cyst and trophozoite viability in vitro by 83.4% and 86.8%, respectively, at the final exposure time. Cysticidal activity confirmed that <i>Artemisia santolina</i> and <i>Sargassum muticum</i> exhibited higher cysticidal effects (92.0% and 98.3%, respectively), while <i>Perovskia atriplicifolia</i> had a reduction of 94.6% in cysts and 98.1% in trophozoites, respectively. The IC₅₀ of metronidazole trophozoites was 9.60 ± 0.17&#xa0;µg/mL. High prevalence of amoebiasis, along with high in vitro activity of some extracts especially against cysts. Additional studies should validate cyst killing through orthogonal endpoints and assess selectivity, active constituents of plant extracts and mechanisms.</p>

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A comparative investigation on the efficacy of antiparasitic drugs and plant extracts against Entamoeba histolytica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Anas Abdullah Hamad

摘要

Entamoeba histolytica is a common cause of diarrhoea with trophozoite and cyst stages that may not be completely eradicated by standard therapy. To determine the prevalence of E. histolytica in symptomatic patients and to compare antiparasitic activity by reference drugs with five extracts from medicinal plants against trophozoites and cysts, including IC₅₀ for trophozoites. 500 stool samples were examined by light microscopy and concentration methods. In vitro susceptibility was performed by exposing trophozoites and cysts to test agents; viability of trophozoites was quantified with a colorimetric metabolic reduction assay (dose–response for IC₅₀) and viability of cysts with a screening cyst viability assay. Experiments were performed in triplicate. The overall prevalence was 66.0% (330/500), with a higher rate of infection among males (73.0%) and children aged 6 months–10 years (66.7%; P ≤ 0.001). From profiling, metronidazole inhibited cyst and trophozoite viability in vitro by 83.4% and 86.8%, respectively, at the final exposure time. Cysticidal activity confirmed that Artemisia santolina and Sargassum muticum exhibited higher cysticidal effects (92.0% and 98.3%, respectively), while Perovskia atriplicifolia had a reduction of 94.6% in cysts and 98.1% in trophozoites, respectively. The IC₅₀ of metronidazole trophozoites was 9.60 ± 0.17 µg/mL. High prevalence of amoebiasis, along with high in vitro activity of some extracts especially against cysts. Additional studies should validate cyst killing through orthogonal endpoints and assess selectivity, active constituents of plant extracts and mechanisms.