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<p>This work investigates the mechanical, fatigue, drilling, and wear behavior of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with nutmeg short fibers and Butea monosperma leaf ash-derived nanosilica. The composites were fabricated via a manual hand lay-up process and characterized according to ASTM standards. The experimental results showed that increasing nanosilica content improved tensile, flexural, impact, and fatigue properties up to an optimal concentration, beyond which filler agglomeration caused slight performance reduction. The WNP2 composite (3 vol.% nanosilica) exhibited superior tensile (140.8&#xa0;MPa), flexural (149.0&#xa0;MPa), and impact strength (4.97&#xa0;J), along with enhanced fatigue life of 25,713 cycles at 25% UTS, 24,264 cycles at 50% UTS, and 22,185 cycles at 75% UTS. Meanwhile, the composite containing 5 vol.% nanosilica showed the highest hardness (98 Shore-D) and best wear resistance, with a wear rate of 0.008 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nmand a coefficient of friction of 0.40. Drilling analysis revealed increased kerf widths of 3.27&#xa0;mm (3&#xa0;mm bit) and 6.24&#xa0;mm (6&#xa0;mm bit) for this composition. SEM analysis further confirmed improved fiber-matrix adhesion and reduced wear-induced surface damage in optimally reinforced samples. The developed eco-friendly biocomposite demonstrates strong potential for lightweight structural components in automotive interiors, consumer product housings, and other sustainable engineering applications. This work is novel in integrating silane-treated nutmeg short fibers with Butea monosperma leaf ash-derived nanosilica in a polyester matrix, forming a dual bio-based reinforcement system. The combined reinforcement mechanism improves interfacial adhesion, fatigue resistance, and wear performance, while utilizing two agricultural waste sources, aligning performance enhancement with sustainable materials development.</p>

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Production & Characterization of Recycled Nutmeg Short Fiber and Butea monosperma Leaf Ash nanosilica Polyester Composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Pulakesh Chetia,
  • Arul Jothi G,
  • Rajendran S,
  • Seeniappan Kaliappan

摘要

This work investigates the mechanical, fatigue, drilling, and wear behavior of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with nutmeg short fibers and Butea monosperma leaf ash-derived nanosilica. The composites were fabricated via a manual hand lay-up process and characterized according to ASTM standards. The experimental results showed that increasing nanosilica content improved tensile, flexural, impact, and fatigue properties up to an optimal concentration, beyond which filler agglomeration caused slight performance reduction. The WNP2 composite (3 vol.% nanosilica) exhibited superior tensile (140.8 MPa), flexural (149.0 MPa), and impact strength (4.97 J), along with enhanced fatigue life of 25,713 cycles at 25% UTS, 24,264 cycles at 50% UTS, and 22,185 cycles at 75% UTS. Meanwhile, the composite containing 5 vol.% nanosilica showed the highest hardness (98 Shore-D) and best wear resistance, with a wear rate of 0.008 mm3/Nmand a coefficient of friction of 0.40. Drilling analysis revealed increased kerf widths of 3.27 mm (3 mm bit) and 6.24 mm (6 mm bit) for this composition. SEM analysis further confirmed improved fiber-matrix adhesion and reduced wear-induced surface damage in optimally reinforced samples. The developed eco-friendly biocomposite demonstrates strong potential for lightweight structural components in automotive interiors, consumer product housings, and other sustainable engineering applications. This work is novel in integrating silane-treated nutmeg short fibers with Butea monosperma leaf ash-derived nanosilica in a polyester matrix, forming a dual bio-based reinforcement system. The combined reinforcement mechanism improves interfacial adhesion, fatigue resistance, and wear performance, while utilizing two agricultural waste sources, aligning performance enhancement with sustainable materials development.