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<p>This study investigates the effects of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with marine microalgae (Ulva fasciata) biodiesel–diesel blends. While recent reviews have highlighted nanoparticle additives as effective in enhancing atomization quality, combustion efficiency, and emission mitigation in biodiesel–diesel engines, including metal-oxide and carbon-based additives, there remains limited work on non-metallic nano-catalysts with marine biodiesel feedstocks. In this work, biodiesel blends (B5–B25) were assessed, and the optimal B25 blend was enhanced with SiO₂ nanoparticles (35–75&#xa0;ppm) using ultrasonication and surfactant-assisted stabilization. Engine tests over varying loads and speeds were statistically validated (ANOVA, t-tests). The B25 + 55&#xa0;ppm SiO₂ blend exhibited the best performance, with brake thermal efficiency increasing by 7–10% and brake-specific fuel consumption decreasing by 8–12% relative to neat B25. Significant reductions in CO, HC, PM, and NOx (up to 7.9%) were observed. These improvements are attributed to enhanced atomization, combustion homogeneity, and oxidation catalysis by SiO₂ nanoparticles in conjunction with biodiesel oxygen content. The results demonstrate that SiO₂-enhanced marine microalgae biodiesel is a viable pathway for improving diesel engine efficiency while reducing emissions.</p>

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Effects of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Performance and Emissions of Marine Microalgae-derived Biodiesel-diesel Blends in a Diesel Engine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • S. Deepankumar,
  • Barun Haldar,
  • T. Mohankumar,
  • Madaminov Sanjarbek Maxmudjon Ugli

摘要

This study investigates the effects of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with marine microalgae (Ulva fasciata) biodiesel–diesel blends. While recent reviews have highlighted nanoparticle additives as effective in enhancing atomization quality, combustion efficiency, and emission mitigation in biodiesel–diesel engines, including metal-oxide and carbon-based additives, there remains limited work on non-metallic nano-catalysts with marine biodiesel feedstocks. In this work, biodiesel blends (B5–B25) were assessed, and the optimal B25 blend was enhanced with SiO₂ nanoparticles (35–75 ppm) using ultrasonication and surfactant-assisted stabilization. Engine tests over varying loads and speeds were statistically validated (ANOVA, t-tests). The B25 + 55 ppm SiO₂ blend exhibited the best performance, with brake thermal efficiency increasing by 7–10% and brake-specific fuel consumption decreasing by 8–12% relative to neat B25. Significant reductions in CO, HC, PM, and NOx (up to 7.9%) were observed. These improvements are attributed to enhanced atomization, combustion homogeneity, and oxidation catalysis by SiO₂ nanoparticles in conjunction with biodiesel oxygen content. The results demonstrate that SiO₂-enhanced marine microalgae biodiesel is a viable pathway for improving diesel engine efficiency while reducing emissions.