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<p>The integrity of cement sheaths in underground gas storage wells is critically challenged by cyclic thermo-mechanical loads during frequent gas injection/production cycles. To address this, enhancing the cement's elasticity and toughness is essential. This study introduces a surface-modified waste rubber powder (MWRP), designed to significantly improve the mechanical performance of cement. MWRP was synthesized by loading a nano-SiO₂ layer onto waste rubber powder(RP) using a sol–gel process with TEOS and a silane coupling agent, creating a "dual-lock" molecular bridge at the interface. The modified powder exhibited a transition from hydrophobic (contact angle 134.4°) to hydrophilic (contact angle 68.7°), with vastly improved dispersion in water. Compared to a cement matrix with RP, that with 3% MWRP saw flexural and compressive strengths rise by 16.92% and 52.13%, initial and final cracking impact energy surge by 119.99% and 44.44%, elastic modulus drops by 6.89%, and toughness gains by 9.78%. SEM analysis revealed that the performance improvement is attributed to two key mechanisms: the nano-SiO₂ coating provides strong "physical anchoring" with the cement matrix, while its abundant surface hydroxyl groups form "chemical anchoring" with C-S–H gel. This synergistic interface strengthening allows MWRP to act as an efficient energy-dissipating phase, inhibiting crack propagation and improving the overall toughness and durability of the cement sheath under dynamic loads. This approach not only improves cement properties but also offers an eco-friendly pathway for waste tire valorization.</p>

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Silane–Nano Hybrid “Dual-Lock” Molecular Bridge Reconstructing Waste Rubber Powder Surface: Reversible Energy-Dissipating Microstructure Enhances the Mechanical Properties of Cement Sheaths in Gas Storage Well

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Qian Feng,
  • Yu Long,
  • Xinglong Zhao,
  • Zhigang Peng,
  • Yong Zheng,
  • Xuejie Li

摘要

The integrity of cement sheaths in underground gas storage wells is critically challenged by cyclic thermo-mechanical loads during frequent gas injection/production cycles. To address this, enhancing the cement's elasticity and toughness is essential. This study introduces a surface-modified waste rubber powder (MWRP), designed to significantly improve the mechanical performance of cement. MWRP was synthesized by loading a nano-SiO₂ layer onto waste rubber powder(RP) using a sol–gel process with TEOS and a silane coupling agent, creating a "dual-lock" molecular bridge at the interface. The modified powder exhibited a transition from hydrophobic (contact angle 134.4°) to hydrophilic (contact angle 68.7°), with vastly improved dispersion in water. Compared to a cement matrix with RP, that with 3% MWRP saw flexural and compressive strengths rise by 16.92% and 52.13%, initial and final cracking impact energy surge by 119.99% and 44.44%, elastic modulus drops by 6.89%, and toughness gains by 9.78%. SEM analysis revealed that the performance improvement is attributed to two key mechanisms: the nano-SiO₂ coating provides strong "physical anchoring" with the cement matrix, while its abundant surface hydroxyl groups form "chemical anchoring" with C-S–H gel. This synergistic interface strengthening allows MWRP to act as an efficient energy-dissipating phase, inhibiting crack propagation and improving the overall toughness and durability of the cement sheath under dynamic loads. This approach not only improves cement properties but also offers an eco-friendly pathway for waste tire valorization.