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<p>Improving seed quality is essential for enhancing crop productivity under increasing resource and environmental constraints. This study evaluated the effectiveness of metal oxide based seed treatments, with emphasis on their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional seed enhancement practices, in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.). Seeds of cultivar Pusa-547 were treated with zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) in bulk and nano forms across a range of concentrations. Seed physiological, biochemical, and field emergence parameters were assessed to identify the most effective treatment. Among all treatments, dry bulk ZnO at 500&#xa0;ppm consistently produced superior seed performance, significantly enhancing germination (85.33%), seedling length (30.10&#xa0;cm), seedling dry weight (54.10&#xa0;mg), seedling vigour indices, field emergence (80.67%), and plant stand establishment (80.67%) compared with both treated and untreated controls (p ≤ 0.05). Improved membrane integrity and metabolic activity under this treatment were evidenced by the lowest electrical conductivity (0.157 mmho cm⁻<sup>1</sup>&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>) and higher total dehydrogenase activity (1.90 A₄₈₅ nm). Although marginally lower seed infection was observed in one control treatment, overall seed quality and establishment were markedly superior under ZnO treatment. These findings demonstrate that dry bulk ZnO at 500&#xa0;ppm is an effective, low-input seed treatment for improving chickpea seed quality and early crop establishment. The study highlights the practical potential of metal oxide–based seed treatments as scalable tools to support sustainable and resource-efficient agriculture.</p>

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Seed Treatment with Zinc, Titanium and Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles Influences the Germination, Vigour and Biochemical Property of Chickpea Seeds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Karam Chand Dhiman,
  • Shreya Singh,
  • Sandeep Gawdiya,
  • Aparna Jyoti,
  • Rajesh Kanwar,
  • Anubhav Thakur,
  • Rakesh Kumar Kapila,
  • Radhika Chaturvedi,
  • Nitin Kumar,
  • Sachin Kumar,
  • Tarun Sharma,
  • Akashdeep Singh,
  • Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada,
  • Mohamed A. Mattar

摘要

Improving seed quality is essential for enhancing crop productivity under increasing resource and environmental constraints. This study evaluated the effectiveness of metal oxide based seed treatments, with emphasis on their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional seed enhancement practices, in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Seeds of cultivar Pusa-547 were treated with zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) in bulk and nano forms across a range of concentrations. Seed physiological, biochemical, and field emergence parameters were assessed to identify the most effective treatment. Among all treatments, dry bulk ZnO at 500 ppm consistently produced superior seed performance, significantly enhancing germination (85.33%), seedling length (30.10 cm), seedling dry weight (54.10 mg), seedling vigour indices, field emergence (80.67%), and plant stand establishment (80.67%) compared with both treated and untreated controls (p ≤ 0.05). Improved membrane integrity and metabolic activity under this treatment were evidenced by the lowest electrical conductivity (0.157 mmho cm⁻1 g⁻1) and higher total dehydrogenase activity (1.90 A₄₈₅ nm). Although marginally lower seed infection was observed in one control treatment, overall seed quality and establishment were markedly superior under ZnO treatment. These findings demonstrate that dry bulk ZnO at 500 ppm is an effective, low-input seed treatment for improving chickpea seed quality and early crop establishment. The study highlights the practical potential of metal oxide–based seed treatments as scalable tools to support sustainable and resource-efficient agriculture.