Dual-Functional Akermanite from Waste Biomass: Combining Mechanical Strength and Biocompatibility for Bone Repair
摘要
The growing demand for sustainable materials in bone tissue engineering has encouraged the exploration of biowaste-derived resources. In this study, akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) was synthesized via a mechanically activated solid-state route, utilizing eggshells and rice husks as eco-friendly calcium and silica sources. Mechanical activation effectively reduced the phase formation temperature to 900 °C, enabling energy-efficient synthesis. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase structure, while FT-IR analysis verified the presence of silicate and metal oxygen bonds. Upon nine days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), the sample exhibited evident hydroxyapatite formation, indicating excellent bioactivity. The material demonstrated approximately 80% antibacterial inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, along with favorable blood compatibility and non-cytotoxic behavior. With a compressive strength of 168 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 1998 MPa, the synthesized akermanite closely matches the mechanical profile of cortical bone. Furthermore, in-vitro studies with hADMSCs confirmed 73% cell viability, suggesting good potential for osteogenic applications. Overall, the results highlight biowaste-derived akermanite as a sustainable and bio functional candidate for orthopedic applications.