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<p>This research investigates a series of composites formulated with varying lignin content and evaluates their mechanical, thermal, wear and drilling performance. Lignin extracted and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed its amorphous structure and presence of functional groups enhancing interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix. The properties were measured according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Among the developed specimens, ML1 exhibited the highest tensile (176&#xa0;MPa), flexural (198&#xa0;MPa) and impact resistance (4.4&#xa0;J) indicating optimal load transfer and fiber matrix bonding. Hardness increased steadily with lignin content with ML2 showing the highest value (97 shore D). Additionally, wear analysis demonstrated that ML2 had the minimum specific wear rate (0.023 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm) and coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.20 signifying enhanced surface durability. Drilling tests revealed slight variation in kerf width with ML1 maintaining improved dimensional stability. The combined properties suggest that ML1 is most suitable for structural and semi-structural applications such as automotive interior panels, consumer goods casings and lightweight enclosure components.</p>

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Synergistic Reinforcement of Epoxy Using GPTMS-Modified Sambucus ebulus Fibers and Pistachio Lignin: From Interfacial Bonding to Drilling Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Srinivasan R.,
  • Sakthi Prasad M.,
  • Ramesh G.,
  • ArulMurugan M.

摘要

This research investigates a series of composites formulated with varying lignin content and evaluates their mechanical, thermal, wear and drilling performance. Lignin extracted and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed its amorphous structure and presence of functional groups enhancing interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix. The properties were measured according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Among the developed specimens, ML1 exhibited the highest tensile (176 MPa), flexural (198 MPa) and impact resistance (4.4 J) indicating optimal load transfer and fiber matrix bonding. Hardness increased steadily with lignin content with ML2 showing the highest value (97 shore D). Additionally, wear analysis demonstrated that ML2 had the minimum specific wear rate (0.023 mm3/Nm) and coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.20 signifying enhanced surface durability. Drilling tests revealed slight variation in kerf width with ML1 maintaining improved dimensional stability. The combined properties suggest that ML1 is most suitable for structural and semi-structural applications such as automotive interior panels, consumer goods casings and lightweight enclosure components.