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<p>Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and caffeic acid (CA) have the potential to alleviate drought stress in <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. by modulating plant growth and physiological and biochemical parameters. Because of the severe water shortage in relation to global food production, this study aimed to assess whether SiNPs and CA promote the productive potential of quinoa under an irrigation deficit. The experiment was conducted at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements in 8&#xa0;kg pot medium with five replications. The shoot length (18.43%), root length (21.56%), biomass (32.15%), grain yield (14.08%), relative water content (11.08%), membrane stability index (14.49%), total chlorophyll content (27.92%) and SPAD value (25.31%) were significantly improved by the synergistic application of 100&#xa0;ppm SiNPs and 150&#xa0;µM CA under full irrigation (100% FC). suppression of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, decreased by 46.24% and 42.48%, respectively. Under moderate drought (70% FC), the treatments increased shoot length and root length by 21.05%, biomass by 29.41% and grain yield by 13.01%. In response to severe drought (50% FC), glucose (32.69%), fructose (34.29%), protein (20.83%) and dietary fiber (85.21%), as well as antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR and GPX), remained high and reduced oxidative damage. GSH content increased by 37.35% and the GSH/GSSG ratio increased by 108.39%. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, Pearson correlation and radar chart) indicated a strong correlation among the measured parameters, showing integrated advancement. Based on the above results, the co-application of 100&#xa0;ppm SiNPs and 150&#xa0;µM CA is a sustainable approach to improve quinoa productivity under arid and semi-arid conditions.</p>

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Synergetic Application of Silicon Nanoparticles and Caffeic Acid to Mitigate Drought Stress in Quinoa Crop Productivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月15日

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  • Hassan Mehmood,
  • Ghulam Murtaza,
  • Sajjad Hyder,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Mohamed S. Elshikh,
  • M. Ajmal Ali,
  • Muhammad Ayaz,
  • Lala Gurbanova,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and caffeic acid (CA) have the potential to alleviate drought stress in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. by modulating plant growth and physiological and biochemical parameters. Because of the severe water shortage in relation to global food production, this study aimed to assess whether SiNPs and CA promote the productive potential of quinoa under an irrigation deficit. The experiment was conducted at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements in 8 kg pot medium with five replications. The shoot length (18.43%), root length (21.56%), biomass (32.15%), grain yield (14.08%), relative water content (11.08%), membrane stability index (14.49%), total chlorophyll content (27.92%) and SPAD value (25.31%) were significantly improved by the synergistic application of 100 ppm SiNPs and 150 µM CA under full irrigation (100% FC). suppression of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, decreased by 46.24% and 42.48%, respectively. Under moderate drought (70% FC), the treatments increased shoot length and root length by 21.05%, biomass by 29.41% and grain yield by 13.01%. In response to severe drought (50% FC), glucose (32.69%), fructose (34.29%), protein (20.83%) and dietary fiber (85.21%), as well as antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR and GPX), remained high and reduced oxidative damage. GSH content increased by 37.35% and the GSH/GSSG ratio increased by 108.39%. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, Pearson correlation and radar chart) indicated a strong correlation among the measured parameters, showing integrated advancement. Based on the above results, the co-application of 100 ppm SiNPs and 150 µM CA is a sustainable approach to improve quinoa productivity under arid and semi-arid conditions.