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<p>The developed polymer biocomposite using natural stem fiber and biofiller particles exhibits improved strength, lower density, and cost-effectiveness, making it a suitable replacement for synthetic materials. In this study, <i>Calotropis gigantea</i> stem fiber and zinc oxide (ZnO) particles extracted from Citrus maxima peel were used as reinforcements in an epoxy matrix. The novelty lies in applying silane surface treatment to both the fiber and filler to enhance interfacial bonding. Composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method and tested as per ASTM standards. Compared with unreinforced epoxy (E), the ESZ0 composite (Epoxy 60 vol. %, Fiber 40 vol.%, 0 vol.% ZnO) showed 92.30%, 88.11%, and 53.48% higher tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths, respectively. The addition of 3 vol.% ZnO (ESZ2) further improved performance, achieving 196&#xa0;MPa tensile, 225&#xa0;MPa flexural, 189&#xa0;MPa compressive, and 6.2&#xa0;J impact strength. Increasing filler to 5 vol. % (ESZ3) caused minor strength reduction due to agglomeration but enhanced thermal and tribological properties, showing 0.64 W/mK thermal conductivity, 0.0086 mm3/Nm specific wear rate, 0.21 coefficient of friction, and 0.42% water absorption. Overall, 40 vol.% <i>Calotropis gigantea</i> fiber reinforced the composite’s strength and stiffness, while silane-treated ZnO biofiller improved wear resistance, thermal stability, and moisture resistance. The developed biocomposite offers a consistent, sustainable, and lightweight alternative for automotive, aerospace, and household applications.</p>

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Experimental Study on Mechanical, Thermal Conductivity, Wear, and Water Absorption Behaviour of Calotropis gigantea Stem Fiber/Citrus Maxima ZnO Reinforced Epoxy Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • A.Suresh,
  • L. Jayakumar

摘要

The developed polymer biocomposite using natural stem fiber and biofiller particles exhibits improved strength, lower density, and cost-effectiveness, making it a suitable replacement for synthetic materials. In this study, Calotropis gigantea stem fiber and zinc oxide (ZnO) particles extracted from Citrus maxima peel were used as reinforcements in an epoxy matrix. The novelty lies in applying silane surface treatment to both the fiber and filler to enhance interfacial bonding. Composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method and tested as per ASTM standards. Compared with unreinforced epoxy (E), the ESZ0 composite (Epoxy 60 vol. %, Fiber 40 vol.%, 0 vol.% ZnO) showed 92.30%, 88.11%, and 53.48% higher tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths, respectively. The addition of 3 vol.% ZnO (ESZ2) further improved performance, achieving 196 MPa tensile, 225 MPa flexural, 189 MPa compressive, and 6.2 J impact strength. Increasing filler to 5 vol. % (ESZ3) caused minor strength reduction due to agglomeration but enhanced thermal and tribological properties, showing 0.64 W/mK thermal conductivity, 0.0086 mm3/Nm specific wear rate, 0.21 coefficient of friction, and 0.42% water absorption. Overall, 40 vol.% Calotropis gigantea fiber reinforced the composite’s strength and stiffness, while silane-treated ZnO biofiller improved wear resistance, thermal stability, and moisture resistance. The developed biocomposite offers a consistent, sustainable, and lightweight alternative for automotive, aerospace, and household applications.