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<p>This study explores the adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous solution using an Ag@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> composite was first synthesized by the sol–gel method and subsequently modified with silver nanoparticles. The prepared material was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and EDS analyses. The formation of layered g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets grew uniformly on the surface, cubic Ag and the amorphous nature of the SiO<sub>2</sub> was confirmed by XRD. Different adsorption parameters such as contact time, initial MG dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and stirring speed were optimized. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the optimal conditions were an initial MG dye concentration of 30&#xa0;mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 100&#xa0;mg, a contact time of 30&#xa0;min, and a stirring speed of 250&#xa0;rpm. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the adsorption behaviour with a high correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99), and the maximum adsorption capacity was 102.35&#xa0;mg/g. The initial MG dye concentration ranged from 10&#xa0;mg/L to 80&#xa0;mg/L. Furthermore, the nanocomposite showed good reusability, maintaining 62% dye removal efficiency after four cycles. The adsorption mechanism involved hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and π–π interactions.</p>

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Adsorption Behaviour of Malachite Green Dye Using Ag@gC3N4-SiO2 Materials: Optimization, Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Juhi Rath,
  • Jitendra Kumar Sahoo,
  • Shraban Kumar Sahoo,
  • Namita Paspureddy,
  • Swetali Mahanty,
  • Susanta Kumar Biswal

摘要

This study explores the adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous solution using an Ag@g-C3N4-SiO2 nanocomposite. The g-C3N4-SiO2 composite was first synthesized by the sol–gel method and subsequently modified with silver nanoparticles. The prepared material was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and EDS analyses. The formation of layered g-C3N4 nanosheets grew uniformly on the surface, cubic Ag and the amorphous nature of the SiO2 was confirmed by XRD. Different adsorption parameters such as contact time, initial MG dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and stirring speed were optimized. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the optimal conditions were an initial MG dye concentration of 30 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 100 mg, a contact time of 30 min, and a stirring speed of 250 rpm. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the adsorption behaviour with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99), and the maximum adsorption capacity was 102.35 mg/g. The initial MG dye concentration ranged from 10 mg/L to 80 mg/L. Furthermore, the nanocomposite showed good reusability, maintaining 62% dye removal efficiency after four cycles. The adsorption mechanism involved hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and π–π interactions.