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<p>This study created a unique (Polyvinyl alcohol) PVA composite material reinforced with biosilica from barnyard millet husks, demonstrating the composite's potential to replace synthetic materials, including packaging, infrastructure, automotive, aerospace, and marine. The biosilica is produced by pyrolyzing barnyard millet husk at 800ºC, and PVA is used as a resin. Of the examined specimens, PB3 exhibited the highest tensile strength at 64&#xa0;MPa, a 36.2% gain; the highest tensile modulus at 1.9 GPa, a 58.3% increase; and the highest tear strength at 32 N/mm, a 39.1% improvement over the base specimen, P. Nevertheless, PB3 also showed a decrease in elongation at break to 104%, suggesting that the larger biosilica content had rendered it more brittle. With values of 14.6&#xa0;mm against <i>S. aureus</i> and 15.5&#xa0;mm against <i>E. coli</i>, PB4 showed the highest inhibition zones with regard to antibacterial capabilities. This is consistent with the antimicrobial effect of biosilica, which breaks bacterial cell membranes. For PB4, the water contact angle was 69°, showing a high degree of hydrophobicity. Additionally, the composite PB4 exhibits barrier qualities such as oxygen permeability and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of 2.8 cm<sup>3</sup>•mm/m<sup>2</sup>•day•kPa and 4.6&#xa0;g/m<sup>2</sup>/day, respectively. PVA's hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds with biosilica. This leads to increased interfacial adhesion, matrix densification, and reduced free volume, which limits diffusion channels.Furthermore, at 0.66 W/mK, PB4 had the lowest thermal conductivity. While biosilica was well-dispersed in PB3, offering better mechanical reinforcement, PB4 showed some particle agglomeration, which, while detrimental to mechanical properties, enhanced its barrier effects, contributing to its superior thermal, antimicrobial, and water-resistant properties. These findings were further supported by the SEM analysis.</p>

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Biosynthesis of Biosilica from Waste Barnyard Millet Husk and Development of PVA-based Composite Packaging Material: A Characterization Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • M.Sivaperumal,
  • M Vetrivel Sezhian,
  • Mahendran G,
  • Santhosh kumar S

摘要

This study created a unique (Polyvinyl alcohol) PVA composite material reinforced with biosilica from barnyard millet husks, demonstrating the composite's potential to replace synthetic materials, including packaging, infrastructure, automotive, aerospace, and marine. The biosilica is produced by pyrolyzing barnyard millet husk at 800ºC, and PVA is used as a resin. Of the examined specimens, PB3 exhibited the highest tensile strength at 64 MPa, a 36.2% gain; the highest tensile modulus at 1.9 GPa, a 58.3% increase; and the highest tear strength at 32 N/mm, a 39.1% improvement over the base specimen, P. Nevertheless, PB3 also showed a decrease in elongation at break to 104%, suggesting that the larger biosilica content had rendered it more brittle. With values of 14.6 mm against S. aureus and 15.5 mm against E. coli, PB4 showed the highest inhibition zones with regard to antibacterial capabilities. This is consistent with the antimicrobial effect of biosilica, which breaks bacterial cell membranes. For PB4, the water contact angle was 69°, showing a high degree of hydrophobicity. Additionally, the composite PB4 exhibits barrier qualities such as oxygen permeability and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of 2.8 cm3•mm/m2•day•kPa and 4.6 g/m2/day, respectively. PVA's hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds with biosilica. This leads to increased interfacial adhesion, matrix densification, and reduced free volume, which limits diffusion channels.Furthermore, at 0.66 W/mK, PB4 had the lowest thermal conductivity. While biosilica was well-dispersed in PB3, offering better mechanical reinforcement, PB4 showed some particle agglomeration, which, while detrimental to mechanical properties, enhanced its barrier effects, contributing to its superior thermal, antimicrobial, and water-resistant properties. These findings were further supported by the SEM analysis.