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<p>A low-cost, easy-to-prepare multilayered Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) plasmonic sensor was developed with a trimetallic pattern consisting of Aluminum nanostructures (AlNSs), Copper nanostructures (CuNSs), and Palladium nanostructures (PdNSs) on the surface of porous silicon (PSi). PSi was fabricated using the Photo-Electro-Chemical-Etching (PECE) method. Immersion plating was used to deposit the (1:1:1) (Al: Cu: Pd) trimetallic mixed solution on the surface of PSi to fabricate the trimetallic Al/Cu/Pd/PSi SERS sensor. The fabricated sensor was tested with various concentrations of Potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>).Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) measurements showed a unique cauliflower-like structure which is ideal for SERS applications. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of the metals, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigated the crystallinity of this structure. Raman results indicated that the sensor’s performance was influenced by the surface density and arrangement of metal nanostructures (NSs). The sensor exhibited high enhancement factor (EF) of (1.91 × 10<sup>12</sup>) with low limit of detection (LOD) of (3.19 × 10<sup>–10</sup>) M. The specifications of this trimetallic Al/Cu/Pd/PSi SERS sensor such as high surface area and dense hot spot regions enabled efficient energy transfer, enhancing its ability to detect ultra-low nitrate concentrations below allowable limits. Our results showed high stability and detection sensitivity demonstrating promising potential for rapid detection and on-site analysis.</p>

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Enhanced SERS Performance using Trimetallic Nanolayer on Porous Silicon for Nitrate Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Intisar A. Naseef,
  • Alwan M. Alwan,
  • Mehdi Q. Zayer,
  • Layla A. Wali

摘要

A low-cost, easy-to-prepare multilayered Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) plasmonic sensor was developed with a trimetallic pattern consisting of Aluminum nanostructures (AlNSs), Copper nanostructures (CuNSs), and Palladium nanostructures (PdNSs) on the surface of porous silicon (PSi). PSi was fabricated using the Photo-Electro-Chemical-Etching (PECE) method. Immersion plating was used to deposit the (1:1:1) (Al: Cu: Pd) trimetallic mixed solution on the surface of PSi to fabricate the trimetallic Al/Cu/Pd/PSi SERS sensor. The fabricated sensor was tested with various concentrations of Potassium nitrate (KNO3).Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) measurements showed a unique cauliflower-like structure which is ideal for SERS applications. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of the metals, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigated the crystallinity of this structure. Raman results indicated that the sensor’s performance was influenced by the surface density and arrangement of metal nanostructures (NSs). The sensor exhibited high enhancement factor (EF) of (1.91 × 1012) with low limit of detection (LOD) of (3.19 × 10–10) M. The specifications of this trimetallic Al/Cu/Pd/PSi SERS sensor such as high surface area and dense hot spot regions enabled efficient energy transfer, enhancing its ability to detect ultra-low nitrate concentrations below allowable limits. Our results showed high stability and detection sensitivity demonstrating promising potential for rapid detection and on-site analysis.