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<p>This study aimed to characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from donkey milk and to evaluate the probiotic properties of selected strains. A total of 97 isolates collected over one year were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, revealing eight LAB species, predominantly <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>. Based on preliminary safety and functional screening, 22 <i>L. paracasei</i> and 11 <i>L. plantarum</i> strains were selected for further characterization. All isolates were γ-hemolytic and DNase-negative. The selected strains exhibited tolerance to acidic conditions (pH 2–3) and bile salts (up to 1%). Cell surface hydrophobicity was generally high among the isolates, while auto-aggregation and co-aggregation values ranged between 52.1 and 3.2% and − 39–47.9%, respectively, depending on the isolate. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production ranged from 348.4 to 622.9&#xa0;µg/mL glucose equivalents, and FTIR analysis indicated structural variability among the produced EPS samples. Antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was detected in 6 of 22 <i>L. paracasei</i> isolates and 7 of 11 <i>L. plantarum</i> isolates. Neutralization assays indicated that the observed antimicrobial effects were primarily associated with organic acid production and low pH conditions. All isolates exhibited strong inhibition responses to ampicillin, whereas reduced inhibition responses to vancomycin were observed in some strains. Overall, donkey milk was identified as a potential source of LAB exhibiting probiotic-related functional characteristics. However, further molecular, MIC-based, and in vivo studies are required to confirm the safety and functional efficacy of these strains.</p>

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Functional Characterization and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Donkey Milk

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Hakan Tavsanli,
  • Nisanur Ekti̇k Sezen,
  • Tevhide Elif Güner,
  • Hicret Baycar,
  • Osman İrfan İlhak

摘要

This study aimed to characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from donkey milk and to evaluate the probiotic properties of selected strains. A total of 97 isolates collected over one year were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, revealing eight LAB species, predominantly Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Based on preliminary safety and functional screening, 22 L. paracasei and 11 L. plantarum strains were selected for further characterization. All isolates were γ-hemolytic and DNase-negative. The selected strains exhibited tolerance to acidic conditions (pH 2–3) and bile salts (up to 1%). Cell surface hydrophobicity was generally high among the isolates, while auto-aggregation and co-aggregation values ranged between 52.1 and 3.2% and − 39–47.9%, respectively, depending on the isolate. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production ranged from 348.4 to 622.9 µg/mL glucose equivalents, and FTIR analysis indicated structural variability among the produced EPS samples. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. was detected in 6 of 22 L. paracasei isolates and 7 of 11 L. plantarum isolates. Neutralization assays indicated that the observed antimicrobial effects were primarily associated with organic acid production and low pH conditions. All isolates exhibited strong inhibition responses to ampicillin, whereas reduced inhibition responses to vancomycin were observed in some strains. Overall, donkey milk was identified as a potential source of LAB exhibiting probiotic-related functional characteristics. However, further molecular, MIC-based, and in vivo studies are required to confirm the safety and functional efficacy of these strains.