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<p>Influenza is an acute, highly contagious respiratory infection and remains a major global health threat. Previous studies have shown that the probiotic <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> strain GUANKE (GUANKE) alleviates intestinal barrier disruption and lung pathology in influenza A virus (IAV)–infected mice, but its efficacy as a standalone intervention is modest. This study evaluated whether combining GUANKE with picolinic acid (PA) enhances protection through complementary mechanisms. The results showed that oral co-administration of GUANKE and PA provided greater protection than either agent alone in IAV-infected mice. Time-course analyses that PA primarily suppresses viral replication during early infection, whereas GUANKE attenuates inflammation at later stages. Metabolomic profiling and follow-up experiments identified phenyllactic acid is a major mediator of GUANKE’s anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, PA limits early viral burden while GUANKE restrains subsequent inflammatory injury, together improving overall protection against IAV in mice. These findings support a probiotic–small-molecule combination strategy that leverages mechanistic complementarity to mitigate influenza.</p>

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Complementary Protective Effects of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum GUANKE and Picolinic Acid Against Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Jielan Mi,
  • Kun Yue,
  • Xiao Zhang,
  • Yuewen Yang,
  • Simin Lu,
  • Yujia He,
  • Zhihan Yang,
  • Siqin He,
  • Yuanming Huang,
  • Liqiong Song,
  • Zhihong Ren,
  • Jianguo Xu

摘要

Influenza is an acute, highly contagious respiratory infection and remains a major global health threat. Previous studies have shown that the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain GUANKE (GUANKE) alleviates intestinal barrier disruption and lung pathology in influenza A virus (IAV)–infected mice, but its efficacy as a standalone intervention is modest. This study evaluated whether combining GUANKE with picolinic acid (PA) enhances protection through complementary mechanisms. The results showed that oral co-administration of GUANKE and PA provided greater protection than either agent alone in IAV-infected mice. Time-course analyses that PA primarily suppresses viral replication during early infection, whereas GUANKE attenuates inflammation at later stages. Metabolomic profiling and follow-up experiments identified phenyllactic acid is a major mediator of GUANKE’s anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, PA limits early viral burden while GUANKE restrains subsequent inflammatory injury, together improving overall protection against IAV in mice. These findings support a probiotic–small-molecule combination strategy that leverages mechanistic complementarity to mitigate influenza.