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<p>The significance of the intestinal microbiota in overall health has gained increasing recognition. Probiotic supplementation promotes intestinal microbial homeostasis. As a key component of probiotics, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely utilized in the prevention and management of various diseases owing to their well-established safety profile and remarkable immunomodulatory properties. Their regulatory effect on myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, is critically important. This article systematically reviews the substantial impacts of LAB on macrophages, including effects on macrophage quantity, polarization, autophagy, apoptosis, metabolism, trained immunity, and so on, which contribute to the control of disease progression. The regulation of macrophages by LAB exhibits characteristics such as strain-specificity, dose dependence, and correlation with administration routes, and may mediate systemic effects via the gut-X axis. Furthermore, LAB have demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating macrophage-associated diseases, such as obesity and impaired wound healing. Finally, this review discusses development suggestions for the combined application of LAB and future development directions in this field, including screening and combined application of strains, exploring and utilizing the mechanism of transgenerational effect, aiming to enhance the application of LAB in antibiotic therapy and the development of human and animal health industries.</p>

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Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Potential Regulating Macrophages: Mechanisms, Regulatory Features, and Clinical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Zibo Mai,
  • Bosen Wang,
  • Qijun Hu,
  • Zheng Jia,
  • Jiaqing Wang,
  • Boyu Liu,
  • Junwei Ge

摘要

The significance of the intestinal microbiota in overall health has gained increasing recognition. Probiotic supplementation promotes intestinal microbial homeostasis. As a key component of probiotics, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely utilized in the prevention and management of various diseases owing to their well-established safety profile and remarkable immunomodulatory properties. Their regulatory effect on myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, is critically important. This article systematically reviews the substantial impacts of LAB on macrophages, including effects on macrophage quantity, polarization, autophagy, apoptosis, metabolism, trained immunity, and so on, which contribute to the control of disease progression. The regulation of macrophages by LAB exhibits characteristics such as strain-specificity, dose dependence, and correlation with administration routes, and may mediate systemic effects via the gut-X axis. Furthermore, LAB have demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating macrophage-associated diseases, such as obesity and impaired wound healing. Finally, this review discusses development suggestions for the combined application of LAB and future development directions in this field, including screening and combined application of strains, exploring and utilizing the mechanism of transgenerational effect, aiming to enhance the application of LAB in antibiotic therapy and the development of human and animal health industries.