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<p>The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid environmental change that is reshaping marine soundscapes. We review trends in Arctic soundscape research across geophony, biophony, and anthrophony, with emphasis on how sea-ice loss, expanding shipping, and seismic exploration elevate underwater noise and overlap with marine mammal communication and hearing ranges. We summarize evidence for behavioral and physiological responses (bowhead, beluga, narwhal; ringed seals), highlight emerging ecoacoustic approaches (soundscape indices) and polar applications, and identify four persistent gaps: geographic (eastern Arctic under-sampled), taxonomic (7 Arctic mammal species and most prey groups understudied), methodological (few physiological/population-level studies), and governance/policy (fragmented monitoring, limited integration of Indigenous knowledge). We outline practical monitoring and mitigation priorities continuous passive acoustic monitoring, ecoacoustic baselines, and vessel-noise management alongside technology options (gliders, long-term moorings). Strengthening multinational, co-produced research will improve cumulative impact assessment and management of Arctic soundscapes.</p>

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Underwater Noise, Marine Mammal Impacts, and Monitoring Strategies in the Arctic Ocean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Siddharth Khopkar,
  • Miyoung Yeo,
  • Hyunkyo Seo,
  • Hyoung Sul La

摘要

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid environmental change that is reshaping marine soundscapes. We review trends in Arctic soundscape research across geophony, biophony, and anthrophony, with emphasis on how sea-ice loss, expanding shipping, and seismic exploration elevate underwater noise and overlap with marine mammal communication and hearing ranges. We summarize evidence for behavioral and physiological responses (bowhead, beluga, narwhal; ringed seals), highlight emerging ecoacoustic approaches (soundscape indices) and polar applications, and identify four persistent gaps: geographic (eastern Arctic under-sampled), taxonomic (7 Arctic mammal species and most prey groups understudied), methodological (few physiological/population-level studies), and governance/policy (fragmented monitoring, limited integration of Indigenous knowledge). We outline practical monitoring and mitigation priorities continuous passive acoustic monitoring, ecoacoustic baselines, and vessel-noise management alongside technology options (gliders, long-term moorings). Strengthening multinational, co-produced research will improve cumulative impact assessment and management of Arctic soundscapes.