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<p>Nearshore circulation plays an essential role in driving coastal processes that could intensify during extreme wind events. In tropical regions, like Indonesia, the probability of extreme winds increases under the influence of monsoonal seasons. Using the Delft3D-FLOW numerical model, this study investigates the response of nearshore currents to extreme wind forcing in Bangka Regency, a coastal area in the eastern part of Bangka Island, Indonesia. Two seasonal wind scenarios, representing west and east monsoon periods, are simulated under both existing and extreme wind conditions. Model validation against field-observed water level data shows good agreement (Willmott Score (WS) = 0.99, Root Mean Square (RMSE) = 0.07&#xa0;m). Meanwhile, the comparison between modelled currents and the HYCOM datasets results in moderate WS values of 0.34–0.50 and RMSE values of 0.02–0.06&#xa0;m for north–south, east–west, and current magnitude components, indicating the model’s reliability in capturing general hydrodynamic within the study area. Results reveal that tidal forcing is the dominant driver throughout the year, with the monsoonal seasons shifting the circulation patterns. Currents (average of 0.1–0.2&#xa0;m/s, maximum of 0.5&#xa0;m/s) predominantly flow towards the southeast during the west season and shift direction toward the northwest during the east season. Extreme wind events amplify the average current velocities twice as much as during monsoonal periods, with comparable predominant current directions. Currents are higher around headlands and shallow regions, whereas the velocities inside the embayment remain calm even during the extremes, highlighting the role of local geomorphology in modulating wind-induced flows, thus protecting the shoreline. These findings highlight the vulnerability of the East Bangka nearshore systems, or regions with similar settings, to climate-induced wind extremes, which may lead to various ecological hazards.</p>

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The Dynamics of Nearshore Currents Under Extreme Wind Regime: A Case Study in Bangka Regency of the East Bangka Island Region, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Johan Risandi,
  • Brigita S. Mutiara,
  • Terry L. Kepel,
  • Dwi Hindarti,
  • Faisal Hamzah,
  • Furqon Alfahmi,
  • Husen Rifai,
  • Mira,
  • Nani I. J. Undap,
  • Mardi Wibowo,
  • Mutiara R. Putri

摘要

Nearshore circulation plays an essential role in driving coastal processes that could intensify during extreme wind events. In tropical regions, like Indonesia, the probability of extreme winds increases under the influence of monsoonal seasons. Using the Delft3D-FLOW numerical model, this study investigates the response of nearshore currents to extreme wind forcing in Bangka Regency, a coastal area in the eastern part of Bangka Island, Indonesia. Two seasonal wind scenarios, representing west and east monsoon periods, are simulated under both existing and extreme wind conditions. Model validation against field-observed water level data shows good agreement (Willmott Score (WS) = 0.99, Root Mean Square (RMSE) = 0.07 m). Meanwhile, the comparison between modelled currents and the HYCOM datasets results in moderate WS values of 0.34–0.50 and RMSE values of 0.02–0.06 m for north–south, east–west, and current magnitude components, indicating the model’s reliability in capturing general hydrodynamic within the study area. Results reveal that tidal forcing is the dominant driver throughout the year, with the monsoonal seasons shifting the circulation patterns. Currents (average of 0.1–0.2 m/s, maximum of 0.5 m/s) predominantly flow towards the southeast during the west season and shift direction toward the northwest during the east season. Extreme wind events amplify the average current velocities twice as much as during monsoonal periods, with comparable predominant current directions. Currents are higher around headlands and shallow regions, whereas the velocities inside the embayment remain calm even during the extremes, highlighting the role of local geomorphology in modulating wind-induced flows, thus protecting the shoreline. These findings highlight the vulnerability of the East Bangka nearshore systems, or regions with similar settings, to climate-induced wind extremes, which may lead to various ecological hazards.