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<p><i>Synechococcus</i> plays a significant role as a primary producer in the ocean. However, its distribution and diversity in the Yellow Sea (YS) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the spatial distribution of the biomass and diversity of <i>Synechococcus</i> in the central and eastern YS throughout the four seasons and to identify the environmental factors that influence their distribution. <i>Synechococcus</i> had a biomass of only 4.4% in winter and 2.3% in spring. However, <i>Synechococcus</i> was the most dominant phytoplankton in summer, with an average 52.6% of total phytoplankton biomass in the YS. In the fall, it maintained its dominance as a primary producer, accounting for 30.5% of the biomass, similar to that of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes. The distribution of <i>Synechococcus</i> was mainly influenced by seasonal currents and temperature variations. During winter and spring, cold-adapted clades I and IV were dominant, with higher abundances observed in areas influenced by the YS Warm Current (YSWC). In summer, when warm-adapted clade II flourished, <i>Synechococcus</i> abundance increased in the central YS, under the influence of the nutrient-rich Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW). In fall, the abundance of <i>Synechococcus</i> remained high due to increased availability of nutrients caused by the weakened stratification. Overall, this study demonstrates the pivotal influence of temperature, the flow of the CDW and YSWC, and tidal mixing on the spatiotemporal distribution of <i>Synechococcus</i> in the YS.</p>

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Spatial and Temporal Variation of Synechococcus Abundance and Diversity in the Yellow Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月3日

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  • Jongseok Won,
  • Myungjin Hyun,
  • Wonseok Yang,
  • Howon Lee,
  • Yeonjung Lee,
  • Seok Lee,
  • Kongtae Ra,
  • Hee Cheol Yang,
  • Jae Hoon Noh,
  • Dong Han Choi

摘要

Synechococcus plays a significant role as a primary producer in the ocean. However, its distribution and diversity in the Yellow Sea (YS) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the spatial distribution of the biomass and diversity of Synechococcus in the central and eastern YS throughout the four seasons and to identify the environmental factors that influence their distribution. Synechococcus had a biomass of only 4.4% in winter and 2.3% in spring. However, Synechococcus was the most dominant phytoplankton in summer, with an average 52.6% of total phytoplankton biomass in the YS. In the fall, it maintained its dominance as a primary producer, accounting for 30.5% of the biomass, similar to that of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes. The distribution of Synechococcus was mainly influenced by seasonal currents and temperature variations. During winter and spring, cold-adapted clades I and IV were dominant, with higher abundances observed in areas influenced by the YS Warm Current (YSWC). In summer, when warm-adapted clade II flourished, Synechococcus abundance increased in the central YS, under the influence of the nutrient-rich Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW). In fall, the abundance of Synechococcus remained high due to increased availability of nutrients caused by the weakened stratification. Overall, this study demonstrates the pivotal influence of temperature, the flow of the CDW and YSWC, and tidal mixing on the spatiotemporal distribution of Synechococcus in the YS.