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<p>Spiders are recognized as polyphagous predators in agroecosystems. Similarly, the predatory stink bug <i>Arma custos</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is employed as a generalist biological control agent. In recent years, <i>A. custos</i> has been introduced from northern China to Guizhou province in southern China and extensively deployed for pest management in agricultural and forestry ecosystems. However, intraguild predation (IGP) between <i>A. custos</i> and resident spiders is poorly understood. Such interactions may impose significant predation pressure, potentially limiting the post-release colonization and efficacy of <i>A. custos</i> in target areas. To evaluate the IGP capacity of three spider species, <i>Oxyopes sertatus</i> (Oxyopidae)<i>, </i><i>Ebrechtella tricuspidata</i> (Thomisidae), and <i>Xysticus</i> sp. (Thomisidae), on different developmental stages of <i>A. custos</i>, we conducted functional response under controlled laboratory conditions. Both <i>O. sertatus</i> and <i>E. tricuspidata</i> preyed on 1st to 3rd instar nymphs, whereas <i>Xysticus</i> sp. attacked a broader range including 1st to 5th instar nymphs and adults. For all three spider species, daily prey consumption increased with prey density before reaching a plateau. The functional responses were consistent with a Holling type II model. <i>Xysticus</i> sp. demonstrated the highest theoretical maximum daily predation capacity on 1st instar nymphs of <i>A. custos</i> (approximately 112 individuals), In contrast, the maximum capacities of <i>E. tricuspidata</i> and <i>O. sertatus</i> on 2nd instar nymphs were 33 and 36 individuals, respectively. Notably, <i>Xysticus</i> sp. displayed higher predation intensity on early instar nymphs (1st–3rd) compared to later instars (4th–5th) and adults. The searching efficiency of all three intraguild predators decreased with increasing prey density. In summary, this study quantifies the potential IGP risk posed by these spider species to <i>A. custos</i>. The findings suggest that spiders, particularly <i>Xysticus</i> sp., could act as significant intraguild predators on early nymphal stages of <i>A. custos</i>. However, these results are derived from simplified laboratory arenas without alternative prey or habitat complexity; thus, the actual impact under field conditions may differ. The data provide a preliminary scientific basis for considering IGP interactions when planning releases of <i>A. custos</i> and for developing integrated pest management strategies that account for multi-predator communities.</p>

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Intraguild predation risks revealed by functional responses: laboratory evaluation of three spider species preying on the generalist predatory Arma custos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Yin-Lin Mu,
  • Jun-Yi Gao,
  • Lin Yang,
  • Mao-Xian Wang,
  • Xiang-Sheng Chen

摘要

Spiders are recognized as polyphagous predators in agroecosystems. Similarly, the predatory stink bug Arma custos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is employed as a generalist biological control agent. In recent years, A. custos has been introduced from northern China to Guizhou province in southern China and extensively deployed for pest management in agricultural and forestry ecosystems. However, intraguild predation (IGP) between A. custos and resident spiders is poorly understood. Such interactions may impose significant predation pressure, potentially limiting the post-release colonization and efficacy of A. custos in target areas. To evaluate the IGP capacity of three spider species, Oxyopes sertatus (Oxyopidae), Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Thomisidae), and Xysticus sp. (Thomisidae), on different developmental stages of A. custos, we conducted functional response under controlled laboratory conditions. Both O. sertatus and E. tricuspidata preyed on 1st to 3rd instar nymphs, whereas Xysticus sp. attacked a broader range including 1st to 5th instar nymphs and adults. For all three spider species, daily prey consumption increased with prey density before reaching a plateau. The functional responses were consistent with a Holling type II model. Xysticus sp. demonstrated the highest theoretical maximum daily predation capacity on 1st instar nymphs of A. custos (approximately 112 individuals), In contrast, the maximum capacities of E. tricuspidata and O. sertatus on 2nd instar nymphs were 33 and 36 individuals, respectively. Notably, Xysticus sp. displayed higher predation intensity on early instar nymphs (1st–3rd) compared to later instars (4th–5th) and adults. The searching efficiency of all three intraguild predators decreased with increasing prey density. In summary, this study quantifies the potential IGP risk posed by these spider species to A. custos. The findings suggest that spiders, particularly Xysticus sp., could act as significant intraguild predators on early nymphal stages of A. custos. However, these results are derived from simplified laboratory arenas without alternative prey or habitat complexity; thus, the actual impact under field conditions may differ. The data provide a preliminary scientific basis for considering IGP interactions when planning releases of A. custos and for developing integrated pest management strategies that account for multi-predator communities.