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<p>The cotton-melon aphid (<i>Aphis gossypii</i> Glover) is a globally significant agricultural pest whose populations have undergone genetic differentiation due to long-term feeding on different host plants, have formed distinct haplotypes with differential host adaptation. This study systematically compared life table parameters, development, fecundity, and survival rate of three major <i>A. gossypii</i> haplotypes (Hap1, Hap4, Hap3) collected from different original hosts, after transfer to three alternate host plants: cotton, cucumber, and zucchini, to elucidate the effects of feeding experience on the host adaptation of <i>A. gossypii</i> with different genetic backgrounds. Regarding genetic background, significant differences in host adaptation were observed among haplotypes: Hap1 aphids exhibited stronger adaptation to cotton than Hap4 and Hap3 aphids; Hap4 aphids showed a greater preference for their original host and could also establish relatively stable populations on zucchini; Hap3 aphids were more adapted to cucurbit hosts (cucumber, zucchini) compared to Hap1 and Hap4 aphids. Furthermore, aphids of the same haplotype from different original hosts also displayed different host utilization strategies: Hap1 aphids from cotton performed best on cotton, whereas Hap1 aphids from cucumber, despite having similar intrinsic rates of increase (r) on cotton (0.38) and cucumber (0.40), exhibited a significantly higher net reproductive rate (R<sub>0</sub>) on cotton (52.57) than on their original host cucumber (37.83), demonstrating greater population growth potential on cotton than on their original host. Similarly, Hap4 aphids from cotton barely established populations on cucumber, while Hap4 aphids from cucumber were less adapted to cotton than to cucumber. Hap3 aphids from cucurbit hosts (cucumber, pumpkin, melon, zucchini) consistently exhibited stable specialization towards cucurbit hosts (cucumber, zucchini). This study reveals the synergistic roles of genetic differentiation and feeding-experience-induced plasticity in the host adaptation of <i>A. gossypii</i>, providing a scientific basis for regional prediction and precise control of this pest.</p>

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Effect of Feeding Experience on the Host Adaptation of Three Aphis gossypii Haplotypes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Hanjing Yang,
  • Junyu Gao,
  • Muhammad Farhan,
  • Shuaishuai Sha,
  • Tianxing Jing,
  • Shuai Zhang

摘要

The cotton-melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) is a globally significant agricultural pest whose populations have undergone genetic differentiation due to long-term feeding on different host plants, have formed distinct haplotypes with differential host adaptation. This study systematically compared life table parameters, development, fecundity, and survival rate of three major A. gossypii haplotypes (Hap1, Hap4, Hap3) collected from different original hosts, after transfer to three alternate host plants: cotton, cucumber, and zucchini, to elucidate the effects of feeding experience on the host adaptation of A. gossypii with different genetic backgrounds. Regarding genetic background, significant differences in host adaptation were observed among haplotypes: Hap1 aphids exhibited stronger adaptation to cotton than Hap4 and Hap3 aphids; Hap4 aphids showed a greater preference for their original host and could also establish relatively stable populations on zucchini; Hap3 aphids were more adapted to cucurbit hosts (cucumber, zucchini) compared to Hap1 and Hap4 aphids. Furthermore, aphids of the same haplotype from different original hosts also displayed different host utilization strategies: Hap1 aphids from cotton performed best on cotton, whereas Hap1 aphids from cucumber, despite having similar intrinsic rates of increase (r) on cotton (0.38) and cucumber (0.40), exhibited a significantly higher net reproductive rate (R0) on cotton (52.57) than on their original host cucumber (37.83), demonstrating greater population growth potential on cotton than on their original host. Similarly, Hap4 aphids from cotton barely established populations on cucumber, while Hap4 aphids from cucumber were less adapted to cotton than to cucumber. Hap3 aphids from cucurbit hosts (cucumber, pumpkin, melon, zucchini) consistently exhibited stable specialization towards cucurbit hosts (cucumber, zucchini). This study reveals the synergistic roles of genetic differentiation and feeding-experience-induced plasticity in the host adaptation of A. gossypii, providing a scientific basis for regional prediction and precise control of this pest.