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<p>Fruit flies (Tephritids) are serious pests of horticultural and vegetable crops, causing significant economic losses worldwide. The high degree of species complexity poses challenges to effective field management, making accurate species identification essential. In this study, a combined morpho-molecular approach was employed to characterize fruit fly species across different agroclimatic zones of Haryana state in India. Specimens were collected from kinnow and guava orchards using methyl eugenol and cue lure traps during fruiting season, 2022–23. Four fruit fly species- <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i>, <i>B. zonata</i>, <i>B. correcta</i>, and <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i> were identified morphologically using taxonomic keys based on diagnostic traits such as facial spots, wing patterns, and the shape of the ejaculatory apodeme. These identifications were further validated by partial amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (<i>COI</i>) gene using universal primers LCO1490/HCO2198, yielding PCR products ranging from 690 to 700&#xa0;bp across all species. Analysis of genetic diversity revealed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 1.00) and high nucleotide diversity (π = 0.075), suggesting large stable populations with long evolutionary histories or secondary contact among differentiated lineages. Neutrality tests showed negative but non-significant Tajima’s D values, indicating a potential excess of rare alleles consistent with recent population expansion. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the field-collected populations cluster with their respective species, underscoring the genetic distinctiveness among <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>, <i>B. dorsalis</i>, <i>B. correcta</i>, and <i>B. zonata</i>. This integrated approach provides a reliable framework for accurate fruit fly identification critical for effective pest management strategies.</p>

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Morpho-molecular characterization of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting guava and kinnow in Haryana, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Nachin M. Gowda,
  • Swati Mehra,
  • Balram Sharma,
  • Mohan Sundaramoorthy,
  • Tarun Verma,
  • Nita Lakra,
  • Dalvinder Pal Singh

摘要

Fruit flies (Tephritids) are serious pests of horticultural and vegetable crops, causing significant economic losses worldwide. The high degree of species complexity poses challenges to effective field management, making accurate species identification essential. In this study, a combined morpho-molecular approach was employed to characterize fruit fly species across different agroclimatic zones of Haryana state in India. Specimens were collected from kinnow and guava orchards using methyl eugenol and cue lure traps during fruiting season, 2022–23. Four fruit fly species- Bactrocera dorsalis, B. zonata, B. correcta, and Zeugodacus cucurbitae were identified morphologically using taxonomic keys based on diagnostic traits such as facial spots, wing patterns, and the shape of the ejaculatory apodeme. These identifications were further validated by partial amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene using universal primers LCO1490/HCO2198, yielding PCR products ranging from 690 to 700 bp across all species. Analysis of genetic diversity revealed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 1.00) and high nucleotide diversity (π = 0.075), suggesting large stable populations with long evolutionary histories or secondary contact among differentiated lineages. Neutrality tests showed negative but non-significant Tajima’s D values, indicating a potential excess of rare alleles consistent with recent population expansion. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the field-collected populations cluster with their respective species, underscoring the genetic distinctiveness among Z. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, B. correcta, and B. zonata. This integrated approach provides a reliable framework for accurate fruit fly identification critical for effective pest management strategies.