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<p>In subtropical and temperate regions, Heliothinae pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) undergo pupal diapause to bridge unfavorable climatic periods, especially due to temperatures falling above or below the thermal thresholds for their development. In Brazil, the information about Heliothinae diapause is scarce. In this study, at the beginning of winter during the dry season in the Brazilian savanna (Latitude 15°S), we collected mature Heliothinae larvae in cover crops: <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> in pearl millet, <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> in maize, and <i>Chloridea virescens</i> in <i>Stylosanthes</i>. Among the surviving larvae that entered in the pre-pupae period, within 48&#xa0;h after collection (kept in vermiculite at 23 ± 1&#xa0;°C in the dark), we observed that 73.7% of <i>H. armigera</i>, 36.6% of <i>H. zea</i>, and 81.5% of <i>C. virescens</i> underwent pupal diapause. Addition of water to the vermiculite until saturation, at 60, 90, and 120&#xa0;days after metamorphosis, was sufficient to terminate the pupal diapause. Without adding water to the vermiculite, few adults emerged, but some pupae of all species remained alive for up to 240&#xa0;days. This study examined the Heliothinae populations that emerge at the beginning of the rainy season, infesting the early development stages of the first spring crops, and aspects of sustainable management of Heliothinae pests, particularly regarding resistance management to chemical and biological insecticides.</p>

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Bridging the overwintering dry season in pupal diapause by Heliothinae pests in the Brazilian savanna

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月9日

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  • Alexandre Specht,
  • Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez,
  • Vânia Ferreira Roque-Specht,
  • Fernando Antônio Macena da Silva,
  • Ranyse Barbosa Querino

摘要

In subtropical and temperate regions, Heliothinae pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) undergo pupal diapause to bridge unfavorable climatic periods, especially due to temperatures falling above or below the thermal thresholds for their development. In Brazil, the information about Heliothinae diapause is scarce. In this study, at the beginning of winter during the dry season in the Brazilian savanna (Latitude 15°S), we collected mature Heliothinae larvae in cover crops: Helicoverpa armigera in pearl millet, Helicoverpa zea in maize, and Chloridea virescens in Stylosanthes. Among the surviving larvae that entered in the pre-pupae period, within 48 h after collection (kept in vermiculite at 23 ± 1 °C in the dark), we observed that 73.7% of H. armigera, 36.6% of H. zea, and 81.5% of C. virescens underwent pupal diapause. Addition of water to the vermiculite until saturation, at 60, 90, and 120 days after metamorphosis, was sufficient to terminate the pupal diapause. Without adding water to the vermiculite, few adults emerged, but some pupae of all species remained alive for up to 240 days. This study examined the Heliothinae populations that emerge at the beginning of the rainy season, infesting the early development stages of the first spring crops, and aspects of sustainable management of Heliothinae pests, particularly regarding resistance management to chemical and biological insecticides.