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<p><i>Colletotrichum</i>, the main cause of anthracnose, and <i>Botryosphaeria</i>, responsible for blights in many crops, cause major yield losses in India. To assess their role in avocado decline, field surveys were conducted from January to April 2022–23 across ten regions in Tamil Nadu. Morphological and molecular analyses identified <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> (4 isolates), <i>C. siamense</i>, <i>C. gigasporum</i>, and <i>Botryosphaeria scharifii</i> (5 isolates) associated with dieback. <i>C. siamense</i> was linked to fruit rot, and <i>B. scharifii</i> to stem-end rot. Pathogenicity tests confirmed their roles. For sustainable management, five yeast strains were evaluated, with <i>Meyerozyma carribica</i> EPY27 showing the highest in vitro inhibition: 66.67% against <i>B. scharifii</i> and 64.44% against <i>C. siamense</i>. EPY27 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also suppressed fungal growth by 62.22%. Nutrient competition assays showed stronger inhibition (66.66%) under low-nutrient conditions. EPY27 effectively colonized wounded avocado fruits, increasing from 3.83 to 6.56 log₁₀ CFU/g in 72&#xa0;h. Postharvest trials showed significant disease reduction: 84.51% and 97.64% in <i>Botryosphaeria</i> and <i>Colletotrichum</i> infected fruits, respectively, with VOCs alone reducing severity by 58.01% and 93.47%. These results identify EPY27 as a potent biocontrol agent for avocado fruit rot management.</p>

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Diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum and Botryosphaeria in avocado dieback and fruit rot in India, and bioprospecting of yeast for fruit rot management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • M. Ayyandurai,
  • M. Theradimani,
  • K. Kalpana,
  • G. S. Madhu

摘要

Colletotrichum, the main cause of anthracnose, and Botryosphaeria, responsible for blights in many crops, cause major yield losses in India. To assess their role in avocado decline, field surveys were conducted from January to April 2022–23 across ten regions in Tamil Nadu. Morphological and molecular analyses identified Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (4 isolates), C. siamense, C. gigasporum, and Botryosphaeria scharifii (5 isolates) associated with dieback. C. siamense was linked to fruit rot, and B. scharifii to stem-end rot. Pathogenicity tests confirmed their roles. For sustainable management, five yeast strains were evaluated, with Meyerozyma carribica EPY27 showing the highest in vitro inhibition: 66.67% against B. scharifii and 64.44% against C. siamense. EPY27 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also suppressed fungal growth by 62.22%. Nutrient competition assays showed stronger inhibition (66.66%) under low-nutrient conditions. EPY27 effectively colonized wounded avocado fruits, increasing from 3.83 to 6.56 log₁₀ CFU/g in 72 h. Postharvest trials showed significant disease reduction: 84.51% and 97.64% in Botryosphaeria and Colletotrichum infected fruits, respectively, with VOCs alone reducing severity by 58.01% and 93.47%. These results identify EPY27 as a potent biocontrol agent for avocado fruit rot management.