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<p>Enhancing the hard magnetic properties of Ce–Fe–B-based magnets remains a significant challenge due to the REFe<sub>2</sub> (RE = rare earth) phase precipitation. Here, Y substitution for Ce and Cu doping is employed to suppress REFe<sub>2</sub> formation and optimize the intrinsic properties of RE<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B phase. Partial substitution of Ce by Y significantly improves the magnetic properties and thermal stability of (Ce<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Y<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>78</sub>B<sub>6</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0–0.8, at%) alloys. First-principles calculations reveal that Y substitution destabilizes the REFe<sub>2</sub> phase, thus inhibiting its formation. Notably, at substitution levels exceeding <i>x</i> &gt; 0.4, the residual REFe<sub>2</sub> phase undergoes a magnetic transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior. Subsequent Cu doping in (Ce<sub>0.5</sub>Y<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>77.6</sub>Cu<sub>0.4</sub>B<sub>6</sub> alloys further destabilizes the REFe<sub>2</sub> phase and transforms aggregated bulk phases into intergranular structures. This microstructural modification facilitates magnetic decoupling, yielding enhanced magnetic properties with coercivity of 435&#xa0;kA&#xa0;m<sup>−1</sup>, remanence of 0.67&#xa0;T and maximum energy product of 65.2&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup>. Micromagnetic simulations confirm the positive roles of tailoring the distribution and magnetic behavior of the REFe<sub>2</sub> phase in enhancing coercivity. Finally, the nanocrystalline (Ce<sub>0.5</sub>Y<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>77.6</sub>Cu<sub>0.4</sub>B<sub>6</sub> powders synthesized via industrial over-quenching/annealing demonstrate a high performance/cost ratio, highlighting their significant potential for cost-effective permanent magnet applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Experimental and theoretical investigations on the Y substituted and Cu doped nanocrystalline Ce–Fe–B alloys with enhanced hard magnetic properties and cost-effectiveness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Bang Zhou,
  • Guang Yu,
  • Xue-Feng Liao,
  • Wei-Wei Zeng,
  • Qing Zhou,
  • Hong-Ya Yu,
  • Zhong-Wu Liu

摘要

Enhancing the hard magnetic properties of Ce–Fe–B-based magnets remains a significant challenge due to the REFe2 (RE = rare earth) phase precipitation. Here, Y substitution for Ce and Cu doping is employed to suppress REFe2 formation and optimize the intrinsic properties of RE2Fe14B phase. Partial substitution of Ce by Y significantly improves the magnetic properties and thermal stability of (Ce1−xYx)17Fe78B6 (x = 0–0.8, at%) alloys. First-principles calculations reveal that Y substitution destabilizes the REFe2 phase, thus inhibiting its formation. Notably, at substitution levels exceeding x > 0.4, the residual REFe2 phase undergoes a magnetic transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior. Subsequent Cu doping in (Ce0.5Y0.5)17Fe77.6Cu0.4B6 alloys further destabilizes the REFe2 phase and transforms aggregated bulk phases into intergranular structures. This microstructural modification facilitates magnetic decoupling, yielding enhanced magnetic properties with coercivity of 435 kA m−1, remanence of 0.67 T and maximum energy product of 65.2 kJ m−3. Micromagnetic simulations confirm the positive roles of tailoring the distribution and magnetic behavior of the REFe2 phase in enhancing coercivity. Finally, the nanocrystalline (Ce0.5Y0.5)17Fe77.6Cu0.4B6 powders synthesized via industrial over-quenching/annealing demonstrate a high performance/cost ratio, highlighting their significant potential for cost-effective permanent magnet applications.

Graphical abstract