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<p>The unique fully conjugated architecture and tunable electronic properties of 2D sp<sup>2</sup> carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp<sup>2</sup>c-COFs) have established them as promising photocatalysts. This review systematically summarizes the synthetic strategies, photocatalytic applications and performance modulation mechanisms of sp<sup>2</sup>c-COFs, and provides an outlook on future research directions. First, we introduce the main synthetic methods for sp<sup>2</sup>c-COFs, including Knoevenagel condensation, Aldol condensation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. Subsequently, we discuss in detail their photocatalytic applications in H<sub>2</sub> evolution, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production, pollutant degradation, and selective organic transformations. Additionally, this review comprehensively discusses key photocatalytic regulation mechanisms, revealing how molecular design strategies can precisely control electronic structures, active site accessibility, and interfacial charge dynamics to enhance photocatalytic performance. Finally, we analyze the current challenges in the field and propose future research directions, including the development of novel synthetic strategies, deeper understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms, and the expansion of their applications in energy and environmental technologies. This work provides fundamental insights into structure–property relationships and paves the way for future photocatalytic systems.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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2D sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks: photocatalytic platforms for solar energy conversion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Bin Qi,
  • Rongchen Shen,
  • Ziyang Ke,
  • Song Wang,
  • Youji Li,
  • Peng Zhang,
  • Difa Xu,
  • Xin Li

摘要

The unique fully conjugated architecture and tunable electronic properties of 2D sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) have established them as promising photocatalysts. This review systematically summarizes the synthetic strategies, photocatalytic applications and performance modulation mechanisms of sp2c-COFs, and provides an outlook on future research directions. First, we introduce the main synthetic methods for sp2c-COFs, including Knoevenagel condensation, Aldol condensation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. Subsequently, we discuss in detail their photocatalytic applications in H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, H2O2 production, pollutant degradation, and selective organic transformations. Additionally, this review comprehensively discusses key photocatalytic regulation mechanisms, revealing how molecular design strategies can precisely control electronic structures, active site accessibility, and interfacial charge dynamics to enhance photocatalytic performance. Finally, we analyze the current challenges in the field and propose future research directions, including the development of novel synthetic strategies, deeper understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms, and the expansion of their applications in energy and environmental technologies. This work provides fundamental insights into structure–property relationships and paves the way for future photocatalytic systems.

Graphical abstract