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<p>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are poised to address pressing environmental challenges, leveraging their tunable porosity and chemical versatility. Yet, powdered MOFs as the dominant form exhibit limitations, including low mechanical stability, poor processability, and restricted scalability, that impede widespread adoption. MOF monoliths, integrating three-dimensional continuity with hierarchical porosity, emerge as a robust alternative, offering enhanced structural integrity, superior mass transport, and industrial scalability. Despite these merits, monolithic architectures remain underexplored compared to their powdered counterparts, particularly for environmental remediation. Here, we review recent progress in MOF monoliths for removing hazardous substances, including organic pollutants, heavy metals, and toxic gases. We elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of MOF-driven remediation, highlighting the advantages conferred by monolithic designs. Fabrication strategies such as direct synthesis, post-shaping, and support integration are systematically assessed, followed by an analysis of their applications in hazardous substance capture. We conclude by identifying unresolved challenges and outlining prospects to accelerate the transition of MOF monoliths from laboratory breakthroughs to practical solutions. This work underscores their potential to drive sustainable environmental technologies, addressing global pollution with unprecedented efficiency.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Shifting from MOF powder: monoliths for efficient removal of hazardous substances

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Xueping Liu,
  • Xingpeng Tian,
  • Huan Zhang,
  • Yinghui Gan,
  • Hongqing Hao,
  • Yue Luo,
  • Zhiming Feng,
  • Yuanting Qiao,
  • Zhongfeng Jiang,
  • Xinfeng Zhu,
  • Chaohai Wang,
  • Mary Larimi,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Chunchun Ye,
  • Rui Tan,
  • Jie Yang

摘要

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are poised to address pressing environmental challenges, leveraging their tunable porosity and chemical versatility. Yet, powdered MOFs as the dominant form exhibit limitations, including low mechanical stability, poor processability, and restricted scalability, that impede widespread adoption. MOF monoliths, integrating three-dimensional continuity with hierarchical porosity, emerge as a robust alternative, offering enhanced structural integrity, superior mass transport, and industrial scalability. Despite these merits, monolithic architectures remain underexplored compared to their powdered counterparts, particularly for environmental remediation. Here, we review recent progress in MOF monoliths for removing hazardous substances, including organic pollutants, heavy metals, and toxic gases. We elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of MOF-driven remediation, highlighting the advantages conferred by monolithic designs. Fabrication strategies such as direct synthesis, post-shaping, and support integration are systematically assessed, followed by an analysis of their applications in hazardous substance capture. We conclude by identifying unresolved challenges and outlining prospects to accelerate the transition of MOF monoliths from laboratory breakthroughs to practical solutions. This work underscores their potential to drive sustainable environmental technologies, addressing global pollution with unprecedented efficiency.

Graphical abstract