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<p>In the present-day competitive business landscape, retailers often use different policy incentives to attract more customers. Based on this, a deteriorating inventory model has been developed under delay-in-payment and advance- in-payment schemes in a cloudy fuzzy environment. Rather than any other fuzziness, cloudy fuzzy is preferred to better capture the fluctuations of business parameters over time. It is considered that a retailer provides delay-in-payment facility for economically weak customers and price discount facility for economically strong customers who are accepting the advanced payment scheme. Through these two policies, the dominant retailer can attract customers from other retailers and increase market demand. The proposed model analysed, what should be the optimum rate of discount or credit period to get customer’s attraction that also maximize the retailer’s profit. The portion of customers from the base demand which takes the advance-in-payment scheme, considered both crisp and cloudy fuzzy numbers. So, the existing model is formulated mathematically in crisp and fuzzy environments. Five numerical examples related to the crisp and fuzzy environments are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis is performed to get the fruitful conclusion. The results provide clear managerial insights for selecting appropriate discount rates, advance payment proportions, credit periods, and ordering policies. These decisions help retailers balance demand stimulation, cash flow stability, product deterioration and overall profitability under uncertain market conditions.</p>

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Effects of price discount, credit and advance payment policies in a perishable inventory model under cloudy fuzzy environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Sangita Mandal,
  • Amalesh Kumar Manna,
  • Shyamal Kumar Mondal

摘要

In the present-day competitive business landscape, retailers often use different policy incentives to attract more customers. Based on this, a deteriorating inventory model has been developed under delay-in-payment and advance- in-payment schemes in a cloudy fuzzy environment. Rather than any other fuzziness, cloudy fuzzy is preferred to better capture the fluctuations of business parameters over time. It is considered that a retailer provides delay-in-payment facility for economically weak customers and price discount facility for economically strong customers who are accepting the advanced payment scheme. Through these two policies, the dominant retailer can attract customers from other retailers and increase market demand. The proposed model analysed, what should be the optimum rate of discount or credit period to get customer’s attraction that also maximize the retailer’s profit. The portion of customers from the base demand which takes the advance-in-payment scheme, considered both crisp and cloudy fuzzy numbers. So, the existing model is formulated mathematically in crisp and fuzzy environments. Five numerical examples related to the crisp and fuzzy environments are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis is performed to get the fruitful conclusion. The results provide clear managerial insights for selecting appropriate discount rates, advance payment proportions, credit periods, and ordering policies. These decisions help retailers balance demand stimulation, cash flow stability, product deterioration and overall profitability under uncertain market conditions.