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<p>In the present paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of three detection techniques—minimum mean square error (MMSE), maximum likelihood detection (MLD), and adaptive zero-forcing (ZF) along with a beamforming-based reception scheme in a 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication (MIMO-VLC) has been investigated. These signal processing techniques have been compared by varying key system parameters such as transmitter separation, receiver separation, field-of-view (FOV), half-power semi-angle (HPSA), operating wavelength, data rate, and photodetector responsivity. Simulation results demonstrate that beamforming consistently outperforms all other schemes at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 4–8&#xa0;dB, while MLD results in better performance at low SNR. The result shows that receiver separation is the most critical factor, with wider PD spacing significantly improving BER performance. The FOV exhibit relatively more critical threshold behaviour than HPSA because below a certain threshold value of FOV the system performance completely collapses. Further, it has been found that higher photodetector responsivity, longer operating wavelengths, and lower data rates result in better BER performance using all above-mentioned schemes. The proposed investigation provides valuable design guidelines to implement practical indoor MIMO-VLC systems.</p>

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Adaptive detection strategies for enhanced BER performance in MIMO visible light communication systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Ajit Kumar,
  • Nishant Sharan,
  • Vipul Dixit,
  • Jatin Gaur,
  • Rajiv Kumar,
  • Sandhya Dass,
  • Amresh Kumar

摘要

In the present paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of three detection techniques—minimum mean square error (MMSE), maximum likelihood detection (MLD), and adaptive zero-forcing (ZF) along with a beamforming-based reception scheme in a 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication (MIMO-VLC) has been investigated. These signal processing techniques have been compared by varying key system parameters such as transmitter separation, receiver separation, field-of-view (FOV), half-power semi-angle (HPSA), operating wavelength, data rate, and photodetector responsivity. Simulation results demonstrate that beamforming consistently outperforms all other schemes at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 4–8 dB, while MLD results in better performance at low SNR. The result shows that receiver separation is the most critical factor, with wider PD spacing significantly improving BER performance. The FOV exhibit relatively more critical threshold behaviour than HPSA because below a certain threshold value of FOV the system performance completely collapses. Further, it has been found that higher photodetector responsivity, longer operating wavelengths, and lower data rates result in better BER performance using all above-mentioned schemes. The proposed investigation provides valuable design guidelines to implement practical indoor MIMO-VLC systems.